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From Marking the Position to Marking the
From marking the position to marking the function Kristof Baten - 13/09/2011
unct on
Kristof Baten
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From marking the position to marking the function Kristof Baten - 13/09/2011
PLEASE CITE AS:
Baten, K. (2011). From Marking the Position to Marking theFunction. Presentation delivered at the 11th PALASymposium, Processability Approaches to LanguageAcquisition, Innsbruck, Austria, September 12-13.
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OUTLINE
From marking the position to marking the function Kristof Baten - 13/09/2011
CASE DEVELOPMENT
RESULTS OF LONGITUDINAL STUDY
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SYNTACTIC DEVELOPMENT
Canonical word order: S V Oagent
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SUBJ
Initial NP
Der Hund jagt die Katze
The dog chases the cat.
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SYNTACTIC DEVELOPMENT
ADJ S V O *drauen der Hund jagt die Katze
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ADJ V S O drauen jagt der Hund die Katzeoutside chases the-NOM dog the-ACC cat
OBJ V SUBJ die Katze jagt der Hundthe-ACC cat chases the-NOM dog
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CASE DEVELOPMENT
First: features that require no or littleprocedural energy
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From least marked, feature-scant towards morefeature-rich and more marked structures
Lees universal scale of unmarked mapping
GF: SUBJ >Non-SUBJCase: NOM >OBL
Position: initial >Non-initial
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CASE DEVELOPMENT
ALL-NOMINATIVE STAGE
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DIRECT MAPPING
POSITION MARKING
FUNCTIONAL MARKING
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ALL-NOMINATIVE
Nominative forms in every context
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Nominative forms Case markers
Abstract case marking: SV-agreement
Canonical word order to convey semantic relations
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DIRECT CASE MAPPING
Der Hund jagt den Hasen The dog chases the hare.
| |
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agent non-agent| |
initial NP non-initial NP
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SUBJ non-SUBJ
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NOM non-NOM
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POSITION MARKING
= extension of direct mapping
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= nominative subject, accusative direct object anddative indirect object
DOR: der vater bringt ihm *seinen buchertasche
the father brings [him-DAT]IO [his-ACC bookcase]DO(correct: seine Buchertasche his-ACC:FEM bookcase)
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FUNCTIONAL MARKING
Non-canonical word order
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Case markers irrespective of position
*STE: ja den knopf hat er ausgezogen
yes the-ACC button has he pulled.off
*STE: die oma erzahlt eine geschichte / dem einzelkindthe grandma tells a story the-DAT grandchild
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CASE DEVELOPMENT
all-nominative
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< direct case mapping
< position marking (canonical word order)
< functional marking (non-canonical)
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RESULTS
Lon itudinal stud
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Oral language production data
11 learners: 9 pupils and 2 university students
Over a period of two years
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ALL-NOMINATIVE
Preverbal subject Posterverbal object
JEL MIC SIL TIN MIC SIL TINJEL
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+ * - + * - + * - + * -
t1 14 9 4 30 7 0 12 16 0 24 20 0
t2 26 18 0 55 9 0 40 17 0 32 13 0
t3 47 13 0 58 13 0 39 16 0 36 10 0
t4 38 30 5 75 20 0 51 21 0 51 11 0
t5 56 14 0 64 28 0 59 25 0 66 13 0
t6 47 5 0 51 23 0 45 28 0 46 17 0
time
+ * - + * - + * - + * -
t1 1 4 1 0 5 12 1 5 2 1 8 1
t2 0 10 2 1 12 6 0 13 3 3 17 4
t3 4 20 1 3 17 6 1 19 0 0 26 4
t4 2 25 4 2 30 11 0 27 10 0 17 16
t5 1 23 12 0 39 14 1 22 11 0 24 13
t6 0 14 9 0 20 10 3 22 13 0 17 6
time
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ALL-NOMINATIVE
*ANO: und euh der passant euh nehmt *der comic (14513)
and euh the-NOM passerby euh takes the comic
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*MIC: du siehst nur die mutter und *der sohn (19762)you-NOM see only the mother and the son
*JEL: *der schlange isst esst *der tiger (19499)
the-NOM:MASC snake (fem.) eats eats the tiger
(correct: die Schlange the-NOM:FEM snake)
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ALL-NOMINATIVE
Indirect object in canonical position
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DAT (1) 1
ACC 1
N/A 3 3 6 3
N/(D) 2 1 7 3
NOM 1
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DIRECT CASE MAPPING
Preverbal subject
ANO CHA DOR MYR STI BUR STE
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me
+ * - + * - + * - + * - + * - + * - + * -
t1 26 11 0 21 17 0 13 7 0 11 15 0 16 20 2 29 21 1 27 26 0
t2 42 4 0 46 4 0 31 12 0 45 7 0 41 3 4 39 7 0 58 10 0
t3 44 6 0 39 6 1 49 25 0 43 9 0 46 12 4 76 16 1 57 15 0
t4 68 12 0 48 14 0 60 23 6 51 25 0 37 21 0 63 33 0 88 23 0
t5 62 4 0 47 8 1 64 39 0 63 23 0 57 13 0
t6 39 17 0 37 24 1 22 32 2 18 27 0 34 13 0
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DIRECT CASE MAPPING
Postverbal object
ANO CHA DOR MYR STI BUR STE
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me
+ * - + * - + * - + * - + * - + * - + * -
t1 1 6 3 9 5 1 0 3 2 0 4 4 3 5 2 9 16 1 15 6 1
t2 0 12 5 3 12 2 1 8 5 2 15 7 3 9 2 6 11 1 12 10 0
t3 1 15 5 11 14 2 6 23 1 4 13 3 7 18 1 18 31 1 13 10 0
t4 3 19 10 21 13 1 15 26 10 1 22 9 1 25 1 19 20 1 46 11 0
t5 26 9 3 17 11 1 7 25 10 3 26 7 2 20 4
t6 11 7 7 18 16 1 15 12 2 5 13 6 2 17 7
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DIRECT CASE MAPPING
*STI: sie liest den brief (23901) er hat einen brief (23850)
she reads the-ACC:MASC letter he has a-ACC:MASC latter
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*MYR: der sohn euh nehmt seine // nimmt *seinen fahrrad (21589)the son euh takes his // takes his-ACC:MASC bicycle
(correct: das Fahrrad the-ACC:NEUT bicycle)
*DOR: der mutter euh schickt den jungen weg (16878)
the mother euh sends the-ACC:MASC boy-ACC away
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POSITION MARKING
Indirect object in canonical position
ANO BUR CHA DOR MYR STE STI
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DAT 2 7 4 5 3ACC 4 2 13 1 2 2
N/A 3 1 4 3 4 3
N/(D) 3 4 6 4 3
NOM 1 1
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POSITION MARKING
LearnerData
Attestations
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ANO t5 der vater gebt dem buhmann einen uppercut
BUR t4 er gebt seinem sohn den zweiten knopfCHA t5 er gibt dem buhmann einen uppercut
DOR t5 und der vater bringt ihm *seinen bchertasche
STE t4 der vater muss seinem sohn noch einen knopf geben
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NON-CANONICAL DIRECT OBJECT
Data point ANO BUR CHA DOR JEL MIC MYR SIL STE STI TIN
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t2t3t4 1 3ACC 1ACC 1 3 1 2 6ACC 1
t5 1 1 1
t6 1
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NON-CANONICAL DIRECT OBJECT
*TIN: aber *der anderen stock lsst der hund liegen
but [the-NOM other cane]INANIM leaves [the dog]ANIM untouched
(correct: den anderen Stock the-ACC:MASC other-ACC stock)
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*SIL:*der ersten geht er holen und *der zweite stock lsst er liegen
[the-NOM first]INANIM goes heANIM fetch and [the-NOM secondcane]INANIM leaves heANIM untouched
(correct: den ersten the-ACC:MASC first-ACC; den zweiten Stockthe-ACC:MASC second-ACC stock)
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NON-CANONICAL DIRECT OBJECT
*CHA: und euh den stock der anderen mann ja lasst euh er liegen
and euh the-ACC:MASC cane of the other man yeah leaves euh
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he untouched
*CHA: euh er ja geht den stock halen euh holen ins wasser
euh he yeah goes the-ACC:MASC cane euh fetch in the water
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NON-CANONICAL DIRECT OBJECT
*BUR: den einen holt er zurck .. und den anderen lsst er im wasserthe-ACC one-ACC fetches he back and the-ACC other-ACC
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leaves he in.the water
*BUR: er wirft auch seinen stock ins wasser
he throws also his-ACC cane into the water
*BUR: der stock ist noch im wasser
the-NOM cane is still in.the water
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NON-CANONICAL DIRECT OBJECT
*STE: den butler ruft der vater an (28322)
the-ACC butler rings the father
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NON-CANONICAL INDIRECT OBJECT
ANO BUR CHA DOR JEL MIC MYR SIL STE STI TIN
t1 1 1 3DAT
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t2 1 1 1 1
t3 1 2DAT 2 2 2DAT 1 1t4 8DAT 2DAT
t5 1 - 1 - 2
t6 1 -3DAT1ACC
1ACC 1 2 1 - 1 1
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NON-CANONICAL INDIRECT OBJECT
*STE: eine oma erzhlt eine geschichte dem einzelkind
a grandma tells a story the-DAT grandchild
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*CHA: aber der vater verbietet es ihm
but the father forbids it him-DAT
*BUR: diesen knopf gibt er seinem sohn
this-ACC button give he-NOM his-DAT son
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CONCLUSION
Implicational sequence
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Canonical word order< Direct case mapping
< Position marking
< Functional marking
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CONCLUSION
JEL MIC SIL TIN STI MYR DOR ANO CHA BUR STE
FUNCTIONAL- - - - - - - - + + +
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POSITION
MARKING- - - - - - + + + + +
DIRECT
MAPPING- - - - + + + + + + +
ALL-
NOMINATIVE + + + + + + + + + + +
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From marking the position to marking the function Kristof Baten - 13/09/2011
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION