Download - Kuching | Jan-15 | Rural electrification using solar- hydro energy- a Long Pasia Scenario
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Rural electrification using solar-hydro energy- a Long Pasia Scenario
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The Long Pasia Project
• Started by Lightup Borneo,
• UMPEDAC started collaboration with Lightup Borneo in 2014.
• University of Malaya High Impact Research Project- Hybrid Solar Research Suitable for Rural Electrification (UM/HIR/MOHE/ENG/22) supports the project.
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Where is Long Pasia
Sarawak
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How to go to Long Pasia
• Bus from Kota Kinabalu to Sipitang (3 hr.)
• 4 Wheel Drive from Sipitang to Long Pasia (5 hr.)
Road to Long Pasia Dry Season
Road to Long Pasia Wet Season
Bus to Sipitang
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The people of Long Pasia The Lun Dayeh
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Background • Long Pasia is situated at the confluence of the
Pasia River and Matang River.
• About 80 houses.
• Main Economic Activities
Rice Farming
Hunting
Tourism
Forest Gathering
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Confluence of the Pasia River and the Matang River
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The Solar Home Project • Given by the government since 1997
• 40 units of solar home systems (BP-solar, 12 V system) was installed.
• 4 units of BP-solar, 24 V system were installed later (unknown installation date).
• Solar home systems (Suntech, 12 V) were installed in mid 2012.
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Solar Home System Investigation
The research assistant visited the Church and 11 village houses and did:
• visual inspection,
• no-load test,
• interviewing the users.
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Problems Encountered
• Solar panels shaded by trees.
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Panels are dirty and covered with dust
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Damaged solar panels
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Damaged Batteries
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Missing Charge Controllers -direct charging from solar panels
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Inappropriate Wirings
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The Church Solar System
The church has 2 sets of solar home system that has been combined to provide electrical power.
Load: AC powered village free WiFi system.
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Layout of the Church Solar System
Unknown spec and
wiring method solar
panel
BP Solar panels, measured open voltage (avr.):19V
BP Solar 24V
charge
controller
Series
connected
(2x12V) battery BP Solar
24V inverter Load
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Observation of the Church Solar System
• Unstable WiFi service depending on the presence of sunlight.
• Mix type of batteries ( Gel type and automobile lead-acid type batteries are connected in series).
• Solar cells were observed to be brownish.
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Pastor’s House (Church Solar System)
• The system is able to provide substantial power for 3 units of 18W compact fluorescence light (CFL) bulbs during evening and 1 CFL bulb throughout the night until the next morning.
• System becomes less reliable during rainy season.
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Conclusions from the Investigation
2012 solar system
• Insufficient power during rainy season.
• Damaged batteries.
• Damaged and missing charge controller.
• Improper wiring of solar home systems.
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Older solar home system
• Insufficient power.
• Damaged batteries.
• Solar cells were observed to be brownish.
• Damaged and missing charge controller.
• Improper wiring of solar home systems.
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Insufficient power generation • Due to the altitude of the village, most of the time
the village is covered under thick layer of cloud.
• An average number of hours of direct sunlight during dry season is around 4 to 5 hours;
• During rainy season there might be no direct sunlight.
• Most solar arrays are covered with a thick layer of algae and some are covered by shades (either trees or even shadow of a house).
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Damaged batteries
• Batteries are often either overcharged or undercharged.
• Charge controllers are bypassed.
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Suggestions
• Introduce LED light bulbs.
• Ensure proper installation.
• Replace all damaged batteries.
• Prevent undercharge/overcharge of batteries.
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Suggestions
• Clean the solar panels
• Educational workshops on basic maintenance and wiring.
• Increase the number of solar panels.
• Introduce hydro system.
• Introduce a pico-grid system.
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Floating-Hydro Generator
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Floating-Hydro Generator
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Floating-Hydro Generator
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Floating-Hydro Generator
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Floating-Hydro Generator
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Floating-Hydro Generator
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Floating-Hydro Generator
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Floating-Hydro Generator
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Next
• Design hydro generators for the floating-hydro system.
• Design smaller-sized modular floating hydro systems.
• Consolidate electrical installation system for better safety and reliability.
Finally • Rollout pico-hydro generation systems for
rural villages in Malaysia.
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Conclusion
• Hydro energy is a useful alternative energy source for Long Pasia.
• The solar system can be combined with the hydro system to form a more reliable energy source.
• Basic maintenance workshops are needed.