Download - Kuliah Biokimia-Imunokimia FK UNDIP
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santoso
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Traditional : protection from diseases and more specifically, infections disease.
Modern : a reaction to foreign substances, including microbes as well as macromolecules such as proteins and polysaccharides, without implying a physiologic or pathologic consequence of such a reaction.
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Immune system : the cells and molecules responsible for immunity
Immune response : collective and coordinated response of immune system to introduction of foreign substances.
Immunology : the study of immunity in this boarder sense and of the cellular and molecular events that occur after an organism encounters microbes and other foreign macromolecules.
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Innate Adaptive (specific)
Active
Passive
Humoral
Cell-mediated
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Limited capacity to distinguish one microbe from another
Not only provide early defense against microbes, but also plays several important roles in the induction of specific immune responses
The principal components :Physical barriersBlood proteinsPhagocytic cells (neutrophils, macrophages) and
other leukocytes (NK)
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Exquisite specificity for distinct moleculsSpecialization, which enables to respond in
particular ways to different types of microbesAbility to “remember” and respond more
vigorously to repeated exposures to the same microbes
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SpecificityDiversityMemorySpecializationSelf-limitationDiscrimination of self from non-
self
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Immune response are specific for distinct antigens
The portions of such antigens that are specifically recognized by individual lymphocytes are called determinants or epitopes
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The total number of antigenic specificities of the lymphocytes in an individual, called the lymphocyte repertoire, is extremely large.
At least 109 distinct antigenic determinants
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Exposure of the immune system to a foreign antigen enhances its ability to respond again to that antigen
Response to second and subsequent exposures to the same antigen called secondary immune response are usually more rapid, larger, and often qualitatively different from the first or primary immune response to that antigen
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The immune system responds in distinct and special ways to different microbes
Such adaptation have developed to maximize the efficiency of anti microbial defense mechanismes
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All normal immune responses wane with time after antigen stimulation
This is largely because immune response function to eliminate antigens and thus eliminate the essential stimulus for lymphocyte activation.
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Immune system able to recognize, respond to and eliminate many foreign (non-self) antigensfunctional inactivation of self-reactive lymphocytes after their encounter with self antigens while not reacting harmfully to that individual’s own (self) antigenic substances
Immunologic unresponsiveness is also called tolerance
Maintaned partly by the elimination of lymphocytes that may express receptors specific for antigenss and partly by
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RecognitonActivationEffector
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CytokinesEffector mechanims of T cell- mediated
immune reactionsEffector mechanisms of immunoglobulin E-
initiated immune reactionsThe complement system
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Compises a group of more than 30 serum and cell surface proteins that interact with other immune system molecules and with one another in a highly regulated manner to provide many of the effector functions of humoral immunity and inflamation.Mengakibatkan osmotic lysis pada bakteriOpsonisasiReaksi inflamasiKemotaksisMenghilangkan kompleks imun
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Mediate cytolysisOpsonization of foreign organisms or particlesActivation of inflamationPromotes solubilization and phagocytic
clearance of immune complexesPromote humoral immune response
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