Download - La pronunciación
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La pronunciación
El sistema fonológico del español (The sound system of Spanish)
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Las vocales
– A has the sound of ah as in father.– E has the sound of a as in late.– I has the sound of e as in beet.– O has the sound of o as in wrote.– U has the sound of oo as in boot.
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Vowel Combinations• A, E, O are strong vowels.• U and I are weak vowels.
• A combination of two strong vowels is pronounced as two syllables. – leer; maestro
• A combination of weak + strong is a dipthong (one syllable), with greater stress on the strong vowel.– baila; cierra
• A combination of weak + weak is a dipthong (one syllable), with the stress on the second vowel.– ruido
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Los diptongos• ai;ay like i in side
– baile; hay• au like ou in sound
– causa• ei;ey like ey in they
– reina, rey• eu like may-you without y
– deuda• oi; oy like oy in boy
– oiga; soy• i or y before a vowel like y in yes
– bien ; apoyo• u before a vowel like w in well
– fuente; agua
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Accented weak vowels
• When a weak vowel carries a written accent mark, the pronunciation is stressed on that vowel.– tío; baúl
NOTE: familia historia biología geografía
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La acentuación
• If a word ends in a vowel, n or s, the second to the last (penultimate) syllable is stressed. Such words are called palabras graves.– zapato, zapatos, divide, dividen
• If the word ends in a consonant other than n or s, the last syllable is stressed. Such words are called palabras agudas.– verdad, practicar
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Breaking rules of accentuation
• If the word is pronounced contrary to those two rules, an accent mark is written over the vowel that must be stressed. These types of words are called palabras esdrújulas.– tendré; difícil
Note: crimen; crímenes
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More about accent marks
• All interrogative words have an accent mark. For example:– ¿Qué? (What?)– ¿Cuándo ? (When?)– ¿ Dónde? (Where?)– ¿Quién ? (Who?)– ¿Adónde? (To where?)
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• Accent marks are also used to distinguish between words that are spelled the same but that have different meanings. For example:– tú = you (friendly, singular)– tu = your– él = he– el = the (masculine, singluar)– sí = yes– si = if
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Las consonantesB and V
• These two letters have the same value in Spanish.
• At the start of a word or after m and n, they sound like the English b.– bomba; enviar; ambos
• In all other positions, they sound like a b without touching one’s lips together.– caber; severo
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C• There are two different values for the letter C.
• C before a, o, u or a consonant sounds like k in keep.– caminar; contar; culebra; acto
• C before e, i sounds like th in thin or s in same (This is called seseo, and is used in Latin America and parts of Analusia, Spain.)
– cinco; hacer
• NOTE: Both sounds are heard in the following words: acción; sección (Not sh)
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• Ch is no longer a letter in the alphabet, but it is pronounced like a single letter as in the word “church.”– chao; poncho
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D• There are three different values, depending
upon the position and context.• At the start of a word and after l, n, the letter d
sounds like the English d.– dama; aldea, andar
• Between vowels and after consonants other than l, n, the sound of d is more relaxed, and sounds like the th in this.– pide, pardo
• As the last letter of a word, the d become further relaxed or altogether omitted.– usted; verdad
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F• F has the sound of f in for.
– fama; informe
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G• There are three different values depending
on position and context.• Before e or i g sounds like a Spanish j,
which makes the sound of ch in Bach.– general; gitano
• At the start of a word and after n, the sound is g like in get.– gloria; tengo
• In all other positions, the g sounds like g in get, only not as explosive.– haga; agosto
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• gue, gui : The u is silent, except when marked by a diaeresis.– guerra; guitarra; pingüino; antigüedad
• gua: All letters are sounded.– guapo
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H • H is always silent!
– hola (ola)– Hay (ay)– hermano (ermano)– bahía (baía)
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J• J at the beginning of a word or in the
middle of a word has a strong gutteral sound, not found in English. It is like the ch in the word Bach.– jota; baraja
• J at the end of a word is silent.– reloj
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K• K is pronounced like the k in kick, but
without the aspiration.– kilómetro
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L• L is pronounced like the l in love.
– limón; fácil
LL• LL is no longer a letter in the alphabet, but it is
pronounced like lli in million or like the y in yes. In parts of Latin America and Spain, the ll is pronounced like j in juice. – calle; ella, millón
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M• The letter m is pronounced like the m in
made.– madre; caminar
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N• N is pronounced like n in none, except
before a written v.– nadie, pan
• When n comes before a written v, it sounds like m.– enviar ; sin valor
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Ñ• The letter ñ approximates the sound of ni
in onion.– niño; ñandú
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P• P sound like the p in put, but without the
aspiration. – papá
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Q• Q sounds like the k in kick, without the
aspiration. It is always followed by a silent u.– que; quince
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R• R has a single trill, but is pronounced with
a stronger trill (rr) at the start of a word (or after l, n, s).– coro; rápido
RR• RR has a strong trill.
– carro; irreal
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S• For the most part s sounds like the s in
same.– casa, Isabel
• Before b, d, g, l, m, n the letter s is often pronounced like s in rose. (a soft z sound)– desde; mismo
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T• Like the t in tame, but without the
aspiration.– tanto
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W• The letter w is found in “loan words” from
other languages. It can be pronounced as a Spanish b/v, like an English v, or like an English w.– week end
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X• Between vowels, the letter x is usually
pronounced like x in tax or like gs in eggs.– examen
• Before a consonant x is often pronounced like s in same. – extra
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Y• The letter y is normally pronounced like the y in
yes.– Yo ; mayo; Loyola
• In emphatic speech, it is pronounced like the j in jam.
• In Chile and in Argentina, it is pronounced like the s in leisure.
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Z• The letter z is pronounced like th in thin,
but like s in same in Latin America and in parts of Andalucía, Spain. (This is known as seseo.)– zapato; luz
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A E I O UEl burro sabe más que tú.