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Pollution
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Introduction
y Pollution has been found to be present widely in the
environment.
y Pollution is the introduction of contaminants (pollutants) into
an environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or
discomfort to the ecosystem. Pollution can take the form of
chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat, or light.
y Pollutants, the elements of pollution, can be foreign substancesor energies, or naturally occurring; when naturally occurring,
they are considered contaminants when they exceed natural
levels.
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Definition:
y The contamination of air, water, or soil by substances that
are harmful to living organisms.
y The act of contaminating or polluting; including (either
intentionally or accidentally) unwanted substances or
factors
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Types of pollution
y Air pollutiony Water pollution
y Land/ soil pollution
y Noise pollution
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Air pollution
y The release of chemicals and particulates into the
atmosphere. Photochemical ozone and smog are created as
nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons react to sunlight which
causes eye irritation, impaired lung function, and damage
to trees and crops.
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Noise pollution
y The word noise comes from the Latin word nausea
meaning seasickness.y Noise pollution (or environmental noise) is displeasing
human, animal or machine-created sound that disrupts the
activity or balance of human or animal life. Noise
pollution includes roadway noise, aircraft noise, industrialnoise.
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Land/soil pollution
Soil pollution/land pollution involves the following
mechanism:
y Deposition of solid waste
y Accumulation of non-biodegradable materials
y Toxic chemicals into poisons
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Some other types are:y Radioactive pollution : contamination , resulting from
20th century activities in atomic physics, such as nuclearpower generation and nuclear weapons research,
manufacture and deployment.y Light pollution : includes light trespass, over illuminationand astronomical interference.
y Visual pollution : which can refer to the presence ofoverhead power lines, motorway billboards, scarredlandforms (as from strip mining), open storage of trash ormunicipal solid waste.
y Thermal pollution : a temperature change in natural waterbodies caused by human influence, such as use of water ascoolant in a power plant.
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Causes of air pollutiony Air pollution comes from both natural and man made
sources
y Motor vehicle emissions are one of the leading causes ofair pollution.
y most automobiles, marine vessels, activities that involve
the burning of wood, fumes that are released from aerosol
sprays, military activities that involve the use of nuclearweapons, all are the numerous causes of air pollution.
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Effects of air pollution
y Effects on health
y Effects on visibility
y Effects on property
y Effects on forests and wildlife
y Effects on water resourcesy Effects on climate
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Causes of water pollution
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Effects of water pollution
y The effects of water pollution are numerous. Some water
pollution effects are recognized immediately, whereas others
dont show up for months or years. Additional effects of water
pollution include:
1) The food chain is damaged : when toxins are in the water, the
toxins travel from the water the animals drink to humans when
the animals meat is eaten.
2) Acid rain contains sulphate particles, which can harm fish orplant life in lakes and rivers.
3) Marine food sources are contaminated or eliminated by water
pollution.
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Conclusiony Pollution produces physical and biological effects
that vary from mildly irritating to lethal. Pollution can
destroy vegetation that provides food and shelter. It can
seriously disrupt the balance of nature, and, in extreme
cases, can cause the death of humans.
y Pollution control is a term used in environment
management. It means the control of emissions and
effluents into air, water or soil. The delicate balance
between nature and humans can be protected.