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Lagamorpha and Rodentia
http://www.animalpicturesarchive.com/ArchOLD-2/1105698202.jpg
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Order Lagamorpha
• Two Families– Ochotonidae– Leporidae
• Characteristics– Diastema– 4 upper incisors (this
is how you tell Lagamorphs from Rodents)
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Order Lagomorpha, Family Ochotonidae—pikas
1) jugal projects posteriorly almost to meatus 2) no supraorbital process
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Family Ochotonidae
• Activity: – Diurnal– Active year round.
• Diet:– Grasses, sedges, thistles,
and fireweed.– Will eat some food on the
spot and store the rest in a pile called a “haystack”.
• Highly territorial – Use vocalizations in
territorial displays.
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Ochotona collaris (Collared pika)
• Range: – Alaska – Northwestern Canada– Southwestern Canada– Western U.S.
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Ochotona princeps (American pika)
• Range:– Lower BC– Eastern Alberta– Parts of Western
Canada
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Order Lagomorpha, Family Leporidae—rabbits and hares
1) jugal projects posteriorly, but not to meatus 2) supraorbital processes
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snowshoe hare—Lepus americanus white-tailed jackrabbit—Lepus townsendii
1) no interparietal 2) postorbital processes broad and winglike
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Lepus spp. (hares and jackrabbits)
• Activity: – Nocturnal-crepuscular.– Active year round
• Some have white winter pelage
• Generally do NOT use burrows.
• Males fight for females during long breeding season
• Northern species exhibit cyclic fluctuations in population density.
Photo: Flickr
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Lepus americanus (Snowshoe hare)
• Range:– Throughout Canada– Alaska– Extreme Northern U.S.
and much of Western and Eastern U.S.
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Lepus townsendii (White-tailed jackrabbit)
Photo: Smithsonian Museum of Natural History
Photo: Flickr
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eastern cottontail—Sylvilagus floridanus mountain cottontail—Sylvilagus nuttalli
1) distinct interparietal on adults 2) postorbital processes thinner than Lepus
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Sylvilagus spp. (cottontails)
• Activity: – Nocturnal-crepuscular.– Active year round
• Pelage does not turn white in winter.
• Some use burrows.• Coprophagous• Range:
– Southern Canada though South America
www.animalpicturesarchive.com
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Sylvilagus nuttalli (Mountain cottontail)
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Sylvilagus floridanus (Eastern cottontail)
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Order Rodentia, Family Aplodontidae—mountain beaver Aplodontia rufa—mountain beaver
1) cranium is triangular and flattened dorso-ventrally 2) auditory bullae are flask-shaped 3) cheek teeth with prominent outer projections
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Aplodontia rufa (Mountain beaver)
• Activity:– Active day or night
• Diet:– variety of plant
material• Range:
– Southwest BC to Northern California
• Stores food in burrow.– Territorial defense of
burrow Photo: Washington Dept of Fish and Wildlife
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Order Rodentia, Family Dipodidae—jumping mice
1) incisors grooved 2) massive infraorbital foramen 3) 4th upper premolar small and peg-like
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Dipodidae (jumping mice)• Activity:
– Primarily nocturnal• Profound hibernators
– Usually dormant early fall to mid-spring
– Double weight in fat prior to hibernation, no food storage
• Diet:– primarily seeds, but also
eats fungus, nuts, berries, and insects.
• Normally move slowly but jump when startled– Long tail and large feet aids
jumping• Range:
– most of BC, Canada, and Eastern U.S.
Photo: Animal Diversity Web
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Zapus trinotatus—Pacific jumping mouse
1) crescent-shaped fold on upper premolar
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Zapus hudsonius—meadow jumping mouse
1) no fold on upper premolar
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Zapus hudsonius
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Order Rodentia, Family Castoridae—beavers Castor canadensis—American beaver
1) jugal is conspicuously broad 2) long bony tube surrounding external auditory
meatus 3) incisors massive
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Castoridae (beavers)
• Activity:– Diurnal and Nocturnal– Active year round.– Semiaquatic
• Paddle-like tail, webbed feet• Form family groups, slightly
colonial.• Monogamous• One of the largest rodents• Diet:
– bark, cambium, twigs, and leaves. Eats aquatic plants in summer.
• Range: – Nearly all of North America
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Order Rodentia, Family Erethizontidae—American porcupines Erethizon dorsatum—North American porcupine
1) massive infraorbital foramen 2) incisors massive 3) auditory bullae larger than Castor canadensis
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Erethizontidae (New World porcupines)
• Activity: – Largely nocturnal
• Covered with barbed quills. Feet modified for aboreal life
• Diet: – Fall/Winter: evergreen
needles, cambium, inner bark of trees.
– Spring/Summer: buds, twigs, leaves, flowers, berries, and nuts.
– Bacteria in digestive tract capable of breaking down cellulose.
• Range: – North America and Northern
Mexico
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Order Rodentia, Family Geomyidae—pocket gophers Thomomys talpoides—northern pocket gopher
1) postorbital processes inconspicuous 2) upper and lower cheek teeth form “8”s 3) nasals do not project anteriorly to incisors
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Geomyidae (Pocket gophers)• Activity:
– Almost entirely fossorial
• Live in burrow system• Diet:
– Underground roots, rhizomes, and bulbs.
– Water obtained from food– Food stored underground
for winter.
• Range: – Southern Canada to
PanamaPhoto: Flickr
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Thomomys talpoidesGeomys bursarius
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Order Rodentia, Family Heteromyidae—heteromyids Perognathus parvus—Great Basin pocket mouse
1) grooved upper incisors 2) inflated auditory bullae almost touch anteriorly 3) delicately built zygomatic arch
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Heteromyidae (pocket mice, kangaroo rats, and mice)
• Activity:• Nocturnal• Live in and store food
in burrows.• Do not require
drinking water.• Range:
– Southern Canada though Western and Central U.S. into Mexico
www.biotropics.co.uk
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