Download - Lam Long Tat- Architecture Portfolio 2015
L A M L O N G TATP o r t f o l i o | 2 0 1 1 - 2 0 1 5
I am interested in how architecture reveals our time. You can see statement about relationships, consciously or not, being embedded into built spaces: How human understand their existence, how people come to interact in society, and how we deals with the environment we inhabit. ‘We shape our buildings, thereafter they shape us.’ Churchill said. The intricate and sometimes frightening interplay between environment and behaviour is what makes architecture important to me.
Growing up in the city of Hong Kong. I am interested in high density urban design that can help bring us towards a sustainable future. Yet born into this ‘sanitized’ urban jungle in the image-dominated digital age, I crave to rediscover the art of space making with rich sensuous experience, in material, in space, in movement. Since University I have been actively participating in community work in developing region, which teaches me valuable lessons on the fundamentals of architecture: Its origins and its extents. I am currently looking for opportunities to work in sustainable and social conscious design in tropical, Asian context, as a way to further my exploration and devote myself to society.
PROFILE
Lam Long Tat 林朗達
30-10-1991, Male
15E, King Fook Court, Bedford Gardens,173 Tin Hau Temple Road, North Point, Hong Kong
+852 6680 3886
[email protected]: lam_long_tat
issuu.com/longtatlamhk.linkedin.com/in/lamlongtat/
A recent graduate with fervent interest in sustainble design and humanitarian work. Detail-minded and responsible.
CONTENT
MARKETPLACE FOR WANDERERPublic Library at the centre of Sai Kung Town#library #digital age #public provision #place-making #shopping culture
2/
3/
4/
5/
6/
7/
8/
1/
EXTENDED LEARNINGA Tropical, Rural Elementary School near Surabaya, Indonesia#tropic #rural #education #enclosure #performance
LET IT GOYouth Hostel Conversion of Mei Ho House, Shek Kip Mei#conservation #identity-crisis #life-cycle #memory
CROSS SPECTRUMMobile Healthcare Facility for Southeast Asia region#rural #healthcare #mobile infrastructure #decentralize
WORK EXPERIENCEArchitectural InternshipArchitecture Design and Research Group Ltd. (AD+RG)
RESUME
PROJECT LITTLE DREAMCommunity Work#Thon Mom Sanitary Facility #Thnouh Village School #Research
PIN HOLE HOUSEStudio For a Video Artist in an Artist Village#tectonic #private-public #live-work
Academic/ Competition
Experience
Community Work
2
3
4
6
5
1
Project Little Dream is a registered charity in Hong Kong that designs, builds and runs rural village schools in Takeo, Cambodia. It was founded in December 2008 by fifteen university students with a common dream - to further education in underprivileged areas around the world.
http://www.littledream.orgI joined PLD in the summer of 2012 as an architectural trainee. I subsequently participate as an architectural officer involving in the research, design, coordination and construction of Project Little Dream’s project. Our architectural division comprises of a team of 5-10 architecture students and we work in a studio manner. During summer break we carry out intense research and planning work. Then in winter school break we carry out construction work with villager and volunteer from Hong Kong and overseas.
Elevate to avoid undesirables
Intricate Vertical Relationships and Spatial Configuration
Let’s Elevated Everything
PROJECT LITTLE DREAM2012-present | Community Works in Cambodia
Portfo
lio | Lam
Long Tat
6
PROJECT LITTLE DREAM2012-present | Community Works in Cambodia
(photo courtesy: PLD)
7
1/ Pro
ject Little Dream
House to be confirmed
Vegetation (Medium)
Vegetation (Tall)
? ?
? ?
? ?
F11
E16
E15 F10
E27E14
E13
E12
E11
E26
E25
E24
F21
F20
(no photo prove)
E23
E22
E21
314315313
E10
V21
V20
V12
V11
V10
(no photo prove)
(no photo prove)
E20
E20a
E20c
E20b
E20d
E20e
E20f
E20gE8 (tiffany’s sketch)
E6 (tiffany’s sketch)
E5 (tiffany’s sketch)
? E4(tiffany’s sketch)
E09
410G11
G10
411412
322
G12
G13
G14
415 414 413
FIELD
FIELD
FIELD
FIELD
FIELD
FIELD FIELD FIELD
FIELD
321
310311
320
C20
C21
A10
C23
C24
C25
C26
C27
C28
220
210
C10
C29112
A28A27
A26
A25
A24
A23
A22
A21
A20
113
C22
312
D20
D10
C11
C12
C13
C14C42
A12
A13
A14A40
C41
C40A11
A29
121a
121b
121c
120
110
B19
B18
B17
B16
B15
B14
B13
B12
B11
B10
FIELD
FIELD
FIELD
FIELD
111
N
Thnouh Village Map
Firm
Around that blockWell
LaterineFirm
Around that block
PLD TRANSPORTABLEARCHITECTURE RESEARCH
CAMBODIAN CASES
CAMBODIAN CASES
JEAN PROUVE
Hy-Pavi l ion
Crib at Strathmore
House forRefugees 6x6
Tropica l House
8x8 BCC House
Food Sta l l atTakeo Market
House nearThom Mum
Karaza Theatre
WideSpanStructureIBM Pav i l ion
MoMI Pav i l ion
HK TouristAssocat ion Pav i l ion
House inThnous
TSBPavi l ion
OtrantoWorkshop
Mobi leDwel l ing
Unit
Classroom ofthe Future
Mobi le Hospita l
Ser ies 4 & 8Shelter
Tip i
55o
HingedJoints
Tim
ber B
eam
x 3 SI
P
Wall
Pan
el
Steel Bent x 2
13.5m Trailer13.5m
10.4
m
5.5m Total
271.2m sq.
Table
Table Table
Table
Table
Selli
ng
Selling
Cooking
Storage
Stor
age
Wat
er P
ot
Washing
Fabr
ic c
onne
ctin
g ne
igbo
r
Main Frame
Parasol asExtra Cover
NeighborStall
Para
sol
2.5m
5.5m
Total est.106.3m2
6.25m2
1 B
ay
1m2 Grid
6m
WOOD
S
TE
EL
W
OO
D
STEEL PLASTIC
STEEL
W
OO
D
S
TE
EL
WEEK YEAR+
MONTH
YE
AR
+
Y
EA
R+
YE
AR
+
H
OU
R
YE
AR
+
YEAR
YEAR MONTH
MONTH
W
EEK
YE
AR
+
W
EE
K
MO
NT
H
Y
EA
R
M
ON
TH
MONTH Y
EAR
UNIT COMPONENTSmall
Large
Mid Mid
1/ Duration
3/Structure
2/ Mobile Unit?
Component?
4/ Size(Span)
5/ Material 6/ Transport
7/ Spatial Strategies
ClimaticStrategies
Facts&
Notes
Collection Framework
Portfo
lio | Lam
Long Tat
8
8 Kilometers
15 K
ilom
eter
s
THON MONVillage School 2011
KHNA RONGVillage School 2010
PREY RUNVillage School 2009
TAKEO TOWN
9 Kilo meters
THNOUHVillage School 2013
This will be the fourth school PLD build. We envision ‘A School Under One Roof’ to create a gathering place that belongs to the village. It comprises of a two-level school with two elementary classes above and a kindergarten below. A library and sanitation facility extends from the core. Ambient open space and landscape on the ground will provide space for formal and informal communal gathering.
“We designs, builds and runs rural village schools in Takeo, Cambodia”
This Sanitation Facility is part of the Thon Mum Community Centre, serving student and monks in the pagoda which the centre is located. Beside education, helping villagers to improve sanitation practice is also our area of focus. At the time of construction the village is not connected to water supply, therefore we researched into water systems that are self-sustained by harvesting rainwater.
Project Little Dream 2013-15Thnouh Village School (in progress)Village of Thnouh, Takeo, Cambodia
Project Little Dream 2012Thon Mum Sanitation Facility
Village of Thon Mum, Takeo, Cambodia
(model & photo courtesy: PLD)
(model & photo courtesy: PLD)
9
1/ Pro
ject Little Dream
In Hong Kong, public library is more an air-conditioned place for the elderly and self-study student, you won’t go there unless you really need a book. That is sad because there is no synthesis between the valuable space provided and the precious knowledge hid-den among the shelves. This drives away from the purpose of public library to bridge knowledge with readers from all demographic. To restore it’s duty admits the digital age, can library maximize on it’s physical nature that allows wandering to actively curate and distribute books and knowledge? Is there anything we can learn from the retail industry, particularly, the IKEA way of intricate spatial
planning? This is an experiment to bring in the ‘evil’ to help public library attain their mission.
#library #digital age #public service #place-making #shopping culture
Adult (General Collection)
Elderly(Periodic)
Kids(Children Section)
Student(Computer Stations)
Counter
Existing : Passive Storage
?
Learning From IKEA
Curate
Select
Treat !
MARKETPLACE FOR WANDERER2013 | Public Library at the centre of Sai Kung Town
Portfo
lio | Lam
Long Tat
10
MARKETPLACE FOR WANDERER2013 | Public Library at the centre of Sai Kung Town
11
2 / Marketplace fo
r Wanderer
9
14
159
1 2
3
4
56
7
7
7
7
10
8
8
11
8
1213
99 1. Entrance Stair2. Foyer 3. Counter (check-in)4. Office5. Exhibition Area6. Catalogue7. General Collection Area8. Reading Room9. Washroom10. Study11. Children Section12. Counter (check-out)13. Exit14. Visitor Elevator15. Staff Elevator
“60% of purchase is not intended at the beginning”Alan Penn, Professor of UCL, analysis on the IKEA model
9
14
159
1 2
3
4
56
7
7
7
7
10
8
8
11
8
1213
99 1. Entrance Stair2. Foyer 3. Counter (check-in)4. Office5. Exhibition Area6. Catalogue7. General Collection Area8. Reading Room9. Washroom10. Study11. Children Section12. Counter (check-out)13. Exit14. Visitor Elevator15. Staff Elevator
? BOOK RETURNEXAM
SAI KUNG
‘The Books that Give Back’Book Retrun inspired by IKEA displaysUser-created content generate INDIRECT social interaction
‘Speed Dating’1.wander along the linear collection 2.settle in one of the reading box3. or, keep on searching
EXHIBITIONEXHIBITIONCATALOG
100100200200 A
BC
D
300WASHROOM WASHROOM
WASHROOM
300
900900 800700600
700
400400
500500
600
STUDY STUDY STUDY
ENTRANCEEXITCHECKOUT
COUNTERCOUNTER OFFICEOFFICE OFFICE
13
2 / Marketplace fo
r Wanderer
Education is about equipping one with knowledge valuable to his/her life. In rural area where life circles around agriculture; knowledge like farming and civil rights are pressing needs. But the English and Science taught in standardized curriculum is often based on an urban, industrialized experience. In the later, learning is conducted in rooms isolated from surrounding, contrary to life in tropics where instead the semi-outdoor space is life’s stage. So how should a school for a tropical, rural area be? Can it be one that is in line with their unique spatial practice, and envisioned to accommodate a curriculum that echoes with their need, and embraces nature as teaching resource? This project is a little reflection from the challenge we come up with community work to nearby region.
#tropic #rural #education #enclosure #performance
1. Life in Tropics > Between Indoor/Outdoor?
2. Education in Rural > The Agriculture Context?
EXTENDED LEARNING2012 | A Tropical, Rural Elementary School near Surabaya, Indonesia
Portfo
lio | Lam
Long Tat
14
EXTENDED LEARNING2012 | A Tropical, Rural Elementary School near Surabaya, Indonesia
Final Design
Classroom Lighting Study
June December MarchDec
June
8:00
12:00
16:00
(All graph here show condition at noon 12:00 on 21st June)
Option 1- corridor with gap, ribbon N window, horizontal S louvre Option 2- corridor without gap, full height N window, vertical S louvre
March
Horizontal louvre is too darkDepend more on corridor cover
7. South facade:horiz. or vert. louvre
6. North facade:full height or ribbon window
1. Roof Overhang 2. Clerestory Window (500 & 1000mm)
Both block too much light
Acceptable level of light with overhang
500 is too dark1000 is too bright without overhang
3. Roof Profile4. False Ceiling(at 3500mm)
5. Corridor Cover with or without 1000 gap
A PERFORMANCE-DRIVEN DESIGNDry Season Prevailing NE
Sep-May | DesirableWet Season Prevailing SW
Mar-Nov | Not DesirableSchool Ventilation Study
15
3 / Extended
Learning
1. Waiting Area2. Cloak Area3. Classroom4. Library5. Hall & Canteen
6. Art Room7. Science Laboratory8. Staff Room9. Toilet10. Outdoor Working Area
11. Back Garden12. Stepwell (under library)13. Playground14. Foyer15. Car Parking
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1010 10 10
11
15
14
13
12
3
2
“...Indeed, the interiors of Indonesian houses are often dark, cramped and smoky...as most of the day will be spent out of doors.”
-The Traditional Architecture of Indonesia, Barry Dawson & John Gillow
Extendable Learning Space
Rainwater Management
Learning activity to freely take place across the indoor-outdoor spectrum depending on weather and way of interaction
17
3 / Extended
Learning
This studio is a tectonic exercise that explore the subtractive space making within a specific volume (6m x 9m x 15m).Such method is commonly associated with craving out space featuring well-defined rooms of heavy masonry quality.
Through the study of Muller House of Adolf Loos and painting of Theo Van Doesburg. This project try to explore the possibility of such space in which rooms are independent yet also can be well connected.
This fits the need of an artist studio, because at time it needs to be open for public gathering, while at other time it has to be private for the artist to concentrate on work.
#tectonic #private-public #live-work
PINHOLE HOUSE2011 | Studio for a Video Artist in an Artist Village
Portfo
lio | Lam
Long Tat
18
PINHOLE HOUSE2011 | Studio for a Video Artist in an Artist Village
19
4 / Pinho
le Ho
use
HOW ABOUT...?Independent yet Connected Pockets
Concept 1,Split Level
Concept 2,Crossing Blocks
Concept 3,Spilt Levels with Light Well
Concept 4,Rotated Spaces & Axis
Carved-Out Space = ‘Room after Room’ typical in western architecture
=?
Concept 6,Amended Entrance , Space with Light Well
Concept 8, (Chosen)Ammended Split Level
Portfo
lio | Lam
Long Tat
20
Floating / Axial / Publickey function room, anchor
Wrapping / Supportive / Privatecirculation & living space, transitional
+
Exhibition
Studio
LivingEntry
Courtyard
Main and Support Space
21
4 / Pinho
le Ho
use
#conservation #identity-crisis #life-cycle #memory
LET IT GO2010 | Youth Hostel Conversion of Mei Ho House, Shek Kip Mei
This is a project asking about conservation in Hong Kong. The recent boom in conservation interest saw many building restored to their ‘former glories’. However, something is not feeling right here, at least to me. What if the intention behind all this frenzy is not about keeping any building, but a desire to hold on to the post-war ‘golden heydays’ these buildings got associated with? What if this is more about an on-going identi-ty crisis of Hong Kong people? Instead of remaining a burden, can the a building’s conversion be one extend-ed therapy secession that help us let go? Letting go is not to forget, it allows us to move forward.
Ashes to ashes, Dust to Dust
Let it go
Conserving for What?
Portfo
lio | Lam
Long Tat
22
LET IT GO2010 | Youth Hostel Conversion of Mei Ho House, Shek Kip Mei
IDEA
DECOMPOSTIOIN
Project 2.2 Mei Ho House Youth HostelLam Long Tat 52188708 2
USERS:
WITNESSOF
DECOMPOSTION23
5 / Let It Go
RoomsExperiencing the habitat
1P2P4P8P
Common SpacesExperiencing the Essence of Public Housing
“Letting go is not to forget, it allows us to move forward”
Common Space
Room Layout
Portfo
lio | Lam
Long Tat
24
Common Space
Room Layout
25
5 / Let It Go
#rural #healthcare #mobile infrastructure #decentralize
Limits of Regular Infrastructure Paradox of Information and Physical AccessibilityExisting Limited Service Reach
Province Level
District Level
Village Level
Commune Level
URBAN
Human Resource of Skilled Profession
Perishable, Import Medical Product
Utilities for a Controlled Environ
MOVE TO CARE, a Building Trust International Humanitarian Design Contest, Student Category Entry, 2014
CROSS SPECTRUMMobile Healthcare Facility for Southeast Asia region
. .
+
‘ The nearest clinic is too far away, how can I afford the time and cost to make multiple visits over the course of treatment? ’
‘ When my children fell ill I just try to get medicine from mobile vendors that visit the village.’
Comments from a Cambodian Village some 20km from nearest hospital
+
Idea:Improve Coverage + Potential of Multi-scale > Moveable Clinic + Mobile Unit
?
Portfo
lio | Lam
Long Tat
26
ModuleBased on 40’ Intermodal Container
UnfoldExtension through hinged roof and deck
Fitting SiteDesign base on modular blocks allow variation in composition to operate on different hospital sites as required in design brief.
SURGERY SURGERY
TOILETSERVICE
OFFICE STORE WATERTANK
NURSING
KITCHENLECTURE
WAITINGWAITINGWAITING
CONSULT
CONSULT CONSULTSTORE
STORE
SURGERY SURGERY
TOILETSERVICE
OFFICE STORE
WATERTANK
NURSINGNURSING
KITCHENLECTURE
WAITING
WAITING
CONSULT
CONSULT CONSULTSTORE
STORE
CONSULT
SURGERYSURGERY
TOILETSERVICE
OFFICE STORE
WATERTANK
NURSING
KITCHENLECTURE
LECTURE
WAITINGWAITING
CONSULT
CONSULTCONSULTSTORE
STORE
OFFICE
OFFICE
SURGERY SURGERY
TOILETSERVICE
OFFICESTORE
WATERTANK
NURSINGKITCHENLECTURE
WAITINGWAITING
CONSULT
CONSULT CONSULTSTORE
STORE
OFFICEService Module
Clinic Module
Administration Module
SURGERY SURGERY
TOILETSERVICE
OFFICE STORE WATERTANK
NURSING
KITCHENLECTURE
WAITINGWAITINGWAITING
CONSULT
CONSULT CONSULTSTORE
STORE
SURGERY SURGERY
TOILETSERVICE
OFFICE STORE
WATERTANK
NURSINGNURSING
KITCHENLECTURE
WAITING
WAITING
CONSULT
CONSULT CONSULTSTORE
STORE
CONSULT
SURGERYSURGERY
TOILETSERVICE
OFFICE STORE
WATERTANK
NURSING
KITCHENLECTURE
LECTURE
WAITINGWAITING
CONSULT
CONSULTCONSULTSTORE
STORE
OFFICE
OFFICE
SURGERY SURGERY
TOILETSERVICE
OFFICESTORE
WATERTANK
NURSINGKITCHENLECTURE
WAITINGWAITING
CONSULT
CONSULT CONSULTSTORE
STORE
OFFICE
SURGERY SURGERY
TOILETSERVICE
OFFICE STORE WATERTANK
NURSING
KITCHENLECTURE
WAITINGWAITINGWAITING
CONSULT
CONSULT CONSULTSTORE
STORE
SURGERY SURGERY
TOILETSERVICE
OFFICE STORE
WATERTANK
NURSINGNURSING
KITCHENLECTURE
WAITING
WAITING
CONSULT
CONSULT CONSULTSTORE
STORE
CONSULT
SURGERYSURGERY
TOILETSERVICE
OFFICE STORE
WATERTANK
NURSING
KITCHENLECTURE
LECTURE
WAITINGWAITING
CONSULT
CONSULTCONSULTSTORE
STORE
OFFICE
OFFICE
SURGERY SURGERY
TOILETSERVICE
OFFICESTORE
WATERTANK
NURSINGKITCHENLECTURE
WAITINGWAITING
CONSULT
CONSULT CONSULTSTORE
STORE
OFFICE
Clinic: The BaseControlled Clinical Space/ Module/ Flexible Deployment
2.4m 2.4m 4.8m 2.4m 2.4m
ClimateCross Ventilation & Diffused Lighting
Core SpaceControlled Environment for Clinical Work
27
6 / Cro
ss Spectrum
3. Education
1. Follow Up
2. Basic Treatment
4. Medicine Store
4. Work Space
1. Storage
2. Drug StoreMobile store for medical supply
Curtain Division
Cupboard
Under-bed storage Water Tank
Battery
3. Lecture PointWhiteboard to carry out education program
5. ConsultationComplete with table and fold down bed
6. TransportSeat to carry patient to clinic
7. UtilitiesWater tank and bat-teries for electricity
1.6m
2.5m
2.1m
Tuk Tuk: The OutreachVillage Access/ Pre & Post Medical Care
Medication
Follow-up Education & PreventionDetection
. .
Cross Cycle:Completing the Healthcare Cycle
The mobile unit will be crucial in rural healthcare provision by allowing pre-medication detection and post-medication follow up to be at villagers’ doorstep. That will minimize complication to illnesses
due to barrier to travel to far away clinic.
Portfo
lio | Lam
Long Tat
28
Cross Spectrum CoverageCompleting the spectrum not only help reach end user, but better uti-lized resources by channelling pre & post-medication work to mobile unit, clinic can focus on critical medication. This benefit both provider and rural population.
!1 wk
?
~10 Villagesper commune100-1,000 each
~10 Communesper district1,000-10,000 each
~10 Districtsper province10,000-100,000 each
24 Provinces100,000-1,000,000 each
MobileDaily-Weekly Visit
MovableYearly (Seasonal) Operation
The clinic can move across provinces seasonally or quickly be dispatched to support healthcare/ specialized service in particular region
ok!
ResponsiveUpgradeThis two tier design allows healthcare provider to plan/ expand their service and focus more flexibly.Incremental updates would better fit the need of healthcare provider in the region where the need is quickly shifting and unforeseeable, and large budget is difficult to secure.
1st Year
3rd Year
6th Year
Opportunities with Wi-FiImagine the system equipped with Wi-Fi. Local, front-line worker on tuk tuk can call back to clinic if more experienced assistance is needed. This drastically reduces the cost for villager to access better service beyond their physical reach. In the process this also act as field training for front-line local worker with the help of more experience staff in clinic or on the web.
Virtual Meeting
!
Outreach? Clinical Work?
Updated Info on rural situation
Field Training for Front-line, Local Staff
Impact
29
6 / Cro
ss Spectrum
RESUME
EDUCATION
BSSc Architectural StudiesThe Chinese University of Hong KongCGPA: 3.5 /4- Lee Woo Sing College Awards for Outstanding Academic Performance (2013, 2014)- Dean List, Faculty of Social Science (2012, 2014)- Hong Kong Housing Society Award (2012)- Formica Scholarship (2012)
ASc Architectural StudiesCity University of Hong Kong CGPA: 4.1/4.3(Completed 36 credits towards this 70 credits Associate Degree)- Dean List, College of Science and Engineering (2010,2011) King’s College, Hong Kong Graduated
COMMUNITY WORK
Project Little Dream Ltd.Research & Development Officer (Architecture)- Perspective Award 2013 - Student/Architecture - Trophy - American Institute of Architects Hong Kong Chapter Citation
(The award and citation were shared with members of Project Little Dream: James Mak, Francis Wong, Nelson Huen, Anthony Chu, Alison Cheng, Tiffany Leung, Ophenia Wong for collective effort in constructing village schools and promoting education in rural Cambodia.)
Research & Development Trainee (Architecture)
2011-2014
2010- 2011
2003-2010
2013-Present
2012-2013
Lam Long Tat 林朗達
30-10-1991, Male
15E, King Fook Court, Bedford Gardens,173 Tin Hau Temple Road, North Point, Hong Kong
+852 6680 [email protected] : lam_long_tat
issuu.com/longtatlamhk.linkedin.com/in/lamlongtat/
A graduate with fervent interest in sustainble design and community work. Detail-minded and responsible.
Portfo
lio | Lam
Long Tat
32
WORK EXPERIENCE
Architectural Design & Research Group (AD+RG)Architectural Assistant (Year-out)• assisted in presentation graphics, CAD drawing and design
study• involved in institutional project ranging from revitalization,
hostel, to hospital work
Centre for Architectural Heritage Research, CUHKPart-time Draftsman- assisted in site measurement and documentation in Chai Wan Fac-tory Estate and Wan Fung Terrace Heritage Assessment
Housing Department, HKSAR GovernmentSummer Internship- assisted in layout drawing for rooftop cat-ladders in a estate devel-opment in Cheung Sha Wan- participated in site visit sessions to department’s project around Hong Kong
LANGUAGES
Cantonese NativeEnglish ProfessionalworkingproficiencyMandarinWorkingproficiency
SKILLS
ProficientinHand DrawingModellingAutoCADSketchupPhotoshopInDesignIllustratorMSOffice
Capable inEcotectRevitV-ray
2014-2015
2013
Jul 2011
33
8 / Resum
e
L A M L O N G TATP o r t f o l i o | 2 0 1 1 - 2 0 1 5