Download - Land accounts at the EEA
Land accounts at the EEA
Jean-Louis Weber & Ferràn Paramo
3 February 2004
LEAC project(s) at the EEA
1.2 Focusing and integrating the system 1.2.1 Land accounts
3.2 Landscape and spatial change assessments 3.2.1 Environmental accounting of land use and
ecosystems
3.2.2 Sustainable spatial development of regions of Europe (focus: coastal zones)
Land & Ecosystems Accounts (LEAC)
• Pilot project run by EEA & ETCTE (UAB & GISAT) with the support of Eurostat;
• UN methodology (SEEA)
• Applications 1975-1990 for European coast and 4 CEE Countries
• Implementation for Europe with CLC2000
LEAC present outcome
• Stratification of the territory into accounting units:–Administrative units–Physical, ecological zones–Dominant landscape types
• Definition and test of accounting methodology:–Land cover stocks–Land cover changes (from CLCy to CLCz)–Land cover flows (which group changes into processes)
• 2 Reports and 2 Posters available at the Library of: http://eea.eionet.eu.int:8980/Public/irc/eionet-circle/leac/home
Why accounting for Land?
• Produce synthetic assessments, keeping track of the geographic differences
• Analyse the relation between the changes of land cover and land use, in physical and monetary terms
• Land accounts as a starting point for ecosystems accounts
• Land and natural resource accounting• Disseminate information at the appropriate
scale (for users…)
First, avoiding this…
Net intensification of land use by Sea Catchments
Net intensification of land use by Country
Net intensification of land use by Biogeographic regions Net intensification of land use by Watershed
and this…
Changes in Tourism intensity, 1980-85 to 1990-95, by NUTS2
Integration of data & indicators within accounts
• E.g. IRENA 12 & 24 indicators• E.g. Urban sprawl indicator• E.g. Coastal zones assessment
Accounts pre-process (assimilate) and classify (model) data for facilitating further use
Assimilation rules are fully documented and transparent
The concept of stock & flow accounts
Stock at
Time 1
Stock at
Time 2
Do gains compensate for losses? Do gains compensate for losses?
Stock at
Time 1
Stock at
Time 2
Do gains compensate for losses? Do gains compensate for losses?
Which are the processes in question?
Does quality of stock carried over change?
Gains
Losses
From many land cover changes to flows of consumption of cover and formation of cover
CORRESPONDANCE BETWEEN LAND COVER CHANGES (CLC LEVEL 3) AND THE LAND COVER FLOWS
132 133 141 142 211 212 213 221 222 223
Dump sites Construction
sites Green urban
areas
Sport and leisure
facilities
Non-irrigated arable land
Permanently irrigated land
Rice fields Vineyards Fruit trees and berry
plantations Olive groves
243 Land principally occupied by agriculture w ith significant areas of natural vegetation
Extension of dumpsites
ConstructionDevelopment of green urban areas
Extension of sport and leisure facilities
Intensive conversion of marginal land to agriculture
Intensive conversion of marginal land to agriculture
Intensive conversion of marginal land to agriculture
Intensive conversion of marginal land to agriculture
Intensive conversion of marginal land to agriculture
Intensive conversion of marginal land to agriculture
244 Agro-forestry areasExtension of dumpsites
ConstructionDevelopment of green urban areas
Extension of sport and leisure facilities
Intensif ication of agriculture
Intensif ication of agriculture
Intensif ication of agriculture
Planting of vineyards, fruit and olive trees over arable & pasture
Planting of vineyards, fruit and olive trees over arable & pasture
Planting of vineyards, fruit and olive trees over arable & pasture
311 Broad-leaved forestExtension of dumpsites
ConstructionDevelopment of green urban areas
Extension of sport and leisure facilities
Intensive conversion of forest to agriculture
Intensive conversion of forest to agriculture
Intensive conversion of forest to agriculture
Intensive conversion of forest to agriculture
Intensive conversion of forest to agriculture
Intensive conversion of forest to agriculture
312 Coniferous forestExtension of dumpsites
ConstructionDevelopment of green urban areas
Extension of sport and leisure facilities
Intensive conversion of forest to agriculture
Intensive conversion of forest to agriculture
Intensive conversion of forest to agriculture
Intensive conversion of forest to agriculture
Intensive conversion of forest to agriculture
Intensive conversion of forest to agriculture
313 Mixed forestExtension of dumpsites
ConstructionDevelopment of green urban areas
Extension of sport and leisure facilities
Intensive conversion of forest to agriculture
Intensive conversion of forest to agriculture
Intensive conversion of forest to agriculture
Intensive conversion of forest to agriculture
Intensive conversion of forest to agriculture
Intensive conversion of forest to agriculture
321 Natural grasslandExtension of dumpsites
ConstructionDevelopment of green urban areas
Extension of sport and leisure facilities
Intensive conversion of marginal land to agriculture
Intensive conversion of marginal land to agriculture
Intensive conversion of marginal land to agriculture
Intensive conversion of marginal land to agriculture
Intensive conversion of marginal land to agriculture
Intensive conversion of marginal land to agriculture
322 Moors and heathlandExtension of dumpsites
ConstructionDevelopment of green urban areas
Extension of sport and leisure facilities
Intensive conversion of marginal land to agriculture
Intensive conversion of marginal land to agriculture
Intensive conversion of marginal land to agriculture
Intensive conversion of marginal land to agriculture
Intensive conversion of marginal land to agriculture
Intensive conversion of marginal land to agriculture
Nomenclature of Land Cover Flows (Level 1)
LCF1 Urban land management
LCF2 Urban sprawl
LCF3 Extension of economic sites and infrastructures
LCF4 Agricultural rotation and intensification
LCF5 Conversion of land to agriculture
LCF6 Forests creation and management
LCF7 Water body creation and management
LCF8 Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes
From many land cover units to regions & to landscape types
Land accounting units
• Grids
• Administrative Units
• River basins
• Sea catchments
• Bio-geographical regions
• Coastal units
• Dominant Landscape
Types
CORINE Land Cover
Standard Classification
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
1. Artificial surfaces1.1.1 Continuous Urban Fabric
1.1.2 Discontinuous Urban Fabric
1.2.1 Industrial Or Commercial Units
1.2.2 Road and Rail Networks and Associated Land
1.2.3 Port Areas
1.2.4 Airport
1.3.1 Mineral Extraction Sites
1.3.2 Dump Sites
1.3.3 Construction Sites
1.4.1 Green Urban Areas
1.4.2 Sport And Leisure Facilities
2. Agricultural areas2.1.1 Non-Irrigated Arable Land
2.1.2 Permanently Irrigated Land
2.1.3 Rice Fields
2.2.1 Vineyards
2.2.2 Fruit Trees And Berry Plantations
2.2.3 Olive Groves2.3 Pastures 2.3.1 Pastures
2.4.1 Annual Crops Associated With Permanent Crops
2.4.2 Complex Cultivation Patterns2.4.3 Land Principally Occupied By Agriculture, With Signif icant Areas Of Natural Vegetation
2.4.4 Agro-Forestry Areas
3. Forests and semi-natural areas3.1.1 Broad-Leaved Forest
3.1.2 Coniferous Forest
3.1.3 Mixed Forest
3.2.1 Natural Grassland
3.2.2 Moors And Heathland
3.2.3 Sclerophyllous Vegetation
3.2.4 Transitional Woodland-Shrub
3.3.1 Beaches, Dunes, And Sand Plains
3.3.2 Bare Rock
3.3.3 Sparsely Vegetated Areas
3.3.4 Burnt Areas
3.3.5 Glaciers and perpetual snow
4. Wetlands4.1.1 Inland Marshes
4.1.2 Peat bogs
4.2.1 Salt-Marshes
4.2.2. Salines
4.2.3. Intertidal flats
5. Water bodies5.1.1 Water courses
5.1.2 Water bodies
5.2.1 Coastal lagoons
5.2.2 Estuaries
1.3 Mines, dump and construction sites
1.4 Artificial non-agricultural vegetated areas
5.2 Coastal waters
3.2 Shrub and/or herbaceous vegetation associations
3.3 Open spaces with little or no vegetation
4.1 Inland wetlands
4.2 Coastal wetlands
5.1. Inland waters
2.1 Arable Land
2.2 Permanent Crops
2.4 Heterogeneous agricultural areas
3.1 Forests
1.1 Urban fabric
1.2 Industrial, commercial and transport units
CORILIS intensity themes – 4 CEEC
CORILIS Intensity « semi-natural »
Classification of Dominant Landscape Types
A1 Urban dense areas
A2 Dispersed urban areas
B1 Broad pattern intensive agriculture
B11 Lowland broad pattern intensive agriculture
B111 Low coastal broad pattern intensive agriculture
B112 High coastal broad pattern intensive agriculture
B113 Low inland broad pattern intensive agriculture
B12 Upland broad pattern intensive agriculture
B13 Mountain broad pattern intensive agriculture
B2 Composite rural landscape
B21 Lowland composite rural landscape
B211 Low coastal composite rural landscape
B212 High coastal composite rural landscape
B213 Low inland composite rural landscape
B22 Upland composite rural landscape
B23 Mountain composite rural landscape
C1 Forested landscapeC11 Lowland forested landscapeC111 Low coastal forested landscapeC112 High coastal forested landscapeC113 Low inland coastal forested landscapeC12 Upland forested landscapeC13 Mountain forested landscapeC2 Open semi-natural or natural landscapeC21 Lowland open semi-natural or natural landscapeC211 Low open semi-natural or natural landscapeC212 High open semi-natural or natural landscapeC213 Low inland open semi-natural or natural
landscapeC22 Upland open semi-natural or natural landscapeC23 Mountain open semi-natural or natural landscapeC3 Landscape with no dominant land cover
characterC31 Lowland with no dominant land cover characterC311 Low landscape with no dominant land cover
characterC312 High landscape with no dominant land cover
characterC313 Low inland landscape with no dominant land cover
characterC32 Upland with no dominant land cover characterC33 Mountain with no dominant land cover character
Account of Land Cover Flows of the European Coast
COMMENT: Loss of ecosystems potentials generated by the use of land
26 types of land cover (green) are used for the formation of 10 types of new land cover (orange). At this level of aggregation, the only reverse flow is farmland abandonment.
(NB: only changes > 1000 ha are considered)
Main land cover flows on European coast, 1975-1990
Main land cover flows on European coast, 1975-1990 - ha
191860
103151
323569
160692
190425
415126
203852
121485
0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 400000 450000
Coastal erosion
Farmland abandonment
Recent extension of pasture, fallowland, set aside
Forests creation
Conversion of marginal land toagriculture
Intensification of agriculture
Planting of vineyards, fruit and olivetrees over arable & pasture
Urban sprawl+Extension of economicsites and infrastructures
Land Accounting Units/ Coastal Units
Trends in marginal land on European coast, 1975-90, ha
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000
A1-Urban dense areas
A2-Dirspersed urban
B1-Broad pattern agriculture
B2-Composite rural landscape
C1-Forested landscape
C2-Open natural landscape
C3-No dominance
Farmland abandonment Conversion of marginal land to agriculture
Urban extension compared to Farmland (Net Change), European coast, 1975-1990, hectares
Artif icial surfaces
Arable Land+Permanent CropsPasture+Mixed agricultural areas-80000
-60000
-40000
-20000
0
20000
40000
60000
Urban extension compared to Farmland (Net Change), European coast, 1975-1990, ha
(a) Urban sprawl + Extension of infrastructures, European coast, 1975-1990, NUTS3
(b) Intensification of Agriculture + Conversion of land to Agriculture,
European coast, 1975-1990, NUTS3
(c) Farmland abandonment, European coast, 1975-1990, NUTS3
Objectives for 2004
• Production of LEAC with new data for validating the model
• Development of a protocol for producing accounts with CLC2000 on a continuous basis
• Development of the first applications required• Development of a query tool for extracting
accounts tables, indicators and maps
Production of LEAC with new data for validating the model
• CLC2000
• Km² grid
• Validated set of land units
• Updated nomenclatures
• Solve methodological issues such as the inconsistency of dates
Development of a protocol for producing accounts with CLC2000 on a continuous
basis
• Use of CLC2000 data as soon as they are available
• Tackle the issue of successive versions
• Return results to countries (e.g. such as regional profiles)
• Supply accounts for other projects (EEA, ETCTE, ETCNBP…)
Development of the first applications required
• ETCTE technical annex products (incl. IRENA 12 & 24…)
• SOER 2005 sub-reports 1 (Households) and 5 (Biodiversity)
• Input to ecosystem accounts
• EEA anniversary ?
Development of a query tool for extracting accounts tables, indicators and
maps
• Let the users choose between the millions of possible indicators at their relevant scale (incl. the surroundings of their backyards…)
• Introduce more flexibility in EEA’s assessments and indicators when they relate to land