Download - Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
1/40
ASEAN Regional Conference
On Food Security (ARCoFS)
(Country Paper of Lao PDR)Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry,
Department of Agriculture
Penang, Malaysia 8-10 October 2013
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
2/40
Outline of Presentation Overview of Agricultural Development, related to
FS during the last 5 years(20062010) andTarget for Next 5 Years (2-011-2015)
Challenges and Opportunities to Achieving Food
Security
Improvement of Poor Farmers Livelihood
Sustainable Agricultural and Food Production
Responsible Agricultural Investments and
Partnerships for FS and ANR SectorDevelopment
Agricultural Innovation and Technology Transfer
FS Arrangements in Case ofEmergency/Shortage caused by Natural Disaster
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
3/40
Land-linked
advantages
N
PAKSAN -
Bungkane
VIENTIANE
XAISOMBOUN
SAYABOURI
LUANG PHRABANG
HOUAYSAI -Chiang Khong
LUANG
NAMTHA
OUDOMXAI
XAM NEUA
PHONGSALY
P
akmong
Longsan
Thong Khoun
Ban Loi - Nameo (to be soon opened as
International Crossing
Xam Tai
Namkan - Nam Can
Thannaleng - Nongkhai
Namngeun - Hoiei
Kone
Boten -
Bohane
Pakha -
Ban Chom
Lantui - Paksa
PHONSAVANH
5
7
6
4B
4A
2W
3
13N
1A
1B
1C
13N
PHONHONG
2E
Sop Hun - Tai Trang
Ban Vang -
Paksom
Kenthao -
Nong Pheu
Pa hang - Long Sap
Ban Dan - Xiang Khouang
Panghay -
Pangthong
Provincial Capital
National Road
River
National Capital
LEGEND
International Border crossing
National border crossing
Lao PDR: Northern Province Strategy Study:
Local and International Border Crossings
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
4/40
Overview on Agricultural Development
Lao PDR covers area of 236,800 km2
Mountainous areas account for 80% and about20% is lowland area.
Cultivated land covers about 1.2 million ha (5%),
rice is occupying 60---70% of the total crop
area. Population is about 6.51 million (In 2012);
GDP per capita 1,349 US$ (in 2011-12). Growthrate is about 8.3% and target for 2012---13 is 1,519
US$. Lao PDR is divided into 17 provinces, 145 districts
and 8,615 villages (in 2012)
Agri. GDP contributes 26.7% (in 2011--2012) to
Nat. GDP, and est. for 2012-13 is about 25.5%.
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
5/40
The Food Situation Laos has achieved basic self-sufficiencyin Year 2000 (300-
350 kgs of paddy/cap/year), but productivity is still low anddeficiency is chronic in the Uplands(2/3 of Laos )Howeverfrom a nutritional standpoint very much deficient
At the national level, approximately 270,000 or 37% of childrenunder 5 (CU5) remain underweight and over the past ten years,this rate has not declined. Chronic malnutrition remains thebiggest problem with nearly 300,000 or 40% of CU5 stunted.There is a sharp increase in stunting and underweight between6 and 24 months.
Food security and diversification: 23% of the population isundernourished. The most significant constraint to theavailability of food in Laos is the low level of domesticproduction of food items. The low level production is mainly theresult of low levels of productivity and high risks in theagricultural sector.
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
6/40
Rice Production has attained overall the
country since 2000-2001. It achieved to 2.1
million tons of paddy
6
(300,000)
(200,000)
(100,000)
-
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Surplus of raw milled rice (tons)
surplus
insufficiency
FAO 2011
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
7/40
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
8/40
Plan VII : 2011-2015ANR sector will perform over 4% of
annual growth (overal GDP growth > 8%)
1- Food security and rice reserve:
- Consumption target at 300-350 kgs/cap/yr for rice paddyand 50-60 kg/cap/ yr for protein(meat,fish, ),
- Expect to have excess up to 1 million tons minimum, no
more significant rice and food deficit in Laos in 2015
-Rice reserve 60 to 120.000 tons and rice seed reserve over10.000 tons(on going to prepare rice reserve at 30.000 tons)
2- Promote value chains, incl. in uplands ( take advantage of
New Asean Charter & Economic-Social Pillars; Regional
Economic Integration; Dynamic East Asia Economy esp.about PP&PP) reach rural poor areasincrease income
3- New employment opportunities for the upland and remote
rural poorto reduce Shifting Cultivation
4- Forest cover up to 65% : REDD+ & climate change program
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
9/40
Rice Sector Target by 2015
MAF has developed the following targets forthe rice sector in 2015: Total paddy rice production increased to 4.2 million mt
from 3.07 million mt in 2010 and 3.4 million mt in 2012
Planted area increased to 1.04 million hafrom 870,000ha in 2010.
500,000-600,000 mt of good-quality, non-glutinous rice
would be exported, mostly to countries in the ASEAN
region but also to the international market. Non-glutinous rice increased to 30%from 10% in 2010
Food insecurity and malnutrition would be reduce by
one-halfthrough increased availability, access to and
utilization of rice and other foods.
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
10/40
Challenges and
Opportunities toAchieving Food Security
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
11/40
Multiple path exist for achieving food security High diversity of existing rural
land use systems
Aim for family-based foodsecurity
Aim for community-based foodsecurity
National food security derivedfrom an integrated food supplychain analysis
Analysis => awareness ofstrengths and opportunities
Analysis => investments toovercome weaknesses andthreats
Food security is more than rice :increased commodity & trade =increased income & safety nets
Agroforestry
Shifting
cultivation
Mixed
farming
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
12/40
Existing Opportunities
Regional (GMS) comparative advantage factors: Ability to produce natural/conventional and organic products Land available for smallholder farmers and intensive / plantation-style
mega-projects Availability of NTFPs and other niche products for niche markets (natural
& domesticated species, indigeneous species). Lao PDR has more than
15,000 Varieties of rice (second country after India). Lao commodities are in high potential in regional markets:
Field crops: maize, cassava, peanuts, soybeans, sesame, etc. Tree crops: rubber, Eucalyptus, teak, agar wood, etc. Horticulture crops: coffee, tea, vegetables, fruit Industrial crops: Jatropha, sugar cane Specialty crops: NTFPs Livestock: cattle for meat; buffalo for hides; pigs / chickens as natural /
wild products. ASEAN development gap:
CLMV vs. advanced ASEAN (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines,
Singapore, Thailand)allow for complementarities
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
13/40
13
Rice
Rubber
Vegetables
Maize
NTFP
Regional
EconomicIntegration :Opportunity for theLao PDR :Turn land-linkedtransport corridors intoeconomic corridors :increase in land-based
investments(concessions, contractfarming.. ) to produce &supply food & ANR
goods to the Region &World
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
14/40
Improvement of Poor
Farmers Livelihood
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
15/40
The Improvement of Livelihood has Food
Security as its first Priority for Poor Farmers1- Through agriculture and livestock activities(Agricultural diversification):
this approach will be promoted in order to enable improvement thenutritional well-being of people, to meet food products requirements/markets.
2- Food security and livelihood improvement is linked to ensuring good
management of agricultural land, good soil management, use of improvedseed, application of suitable fertilizer packages, and IPM.
3- Farmers practicing irrigated agriculture will be given more training in on-farmand in field-water use and community management of irrigation structures, toincrease productivity and yield.
4- Local breeds of livestock will be cross-bred to increase productivity anddisease resistance to ensure resilience to climate change.
5- Basic veterinary services and vaccination programs will be strengthened tosupport animal disease control.
6- Agricultural research, extension, and development will aim to increase
productivity, reduce of cost production, and enhance quality to improvemarket competitiveness.
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
16/40
Sustainable Agricultural and
Food Production
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
17/40
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
18/40
18
Food security based systems
Food security based integrated with
commercial agriculture
water
Low land RICE (1crop/y)
housing
Up land rice fieldnatural forest
animal grazing
field
water
Low land RICE(2 crop / y)
housing Horticulture
Natural
Forestr
y
Agro-- forestry
(veg. fruit tree)
Uplandrice
Crop
Rotation Animalgrazing
Lao Smallholder agriculture is in transition
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
19/40
Responsible Agricultural
Investments andPartnerships for Food
Security and ANR Sector
Development
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
20/40
Imperatives of Regional Integration1- Continued investments : PIP, ODA but focus on FDIneed new
policies, regulations and incentives, e.g. land lease policies likeleasing irrigated agriculture land, nucleus estates
2- Institute new cross border links, building a new Asean Economic &Social Community transport corridors & economic
corridorsincreased connectivity & integration3- Collective effort in preventing or mitigating on new risks supportto SPS
4- Sustain Technology Development through increased intra-Asean;Asean Plus Three & Cooperation with all DPslessons learned from
the past : varietal improvement, supply chain dvpt, cattle dvpt, NTFPsdvpt( PP & PP )
5- Effective engagement with small holders and larger holders need torealize Decrees on Associations & Cooperativesto promote SMEs
& producers to private businesses partnerships ( key to povertyeradication)
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
21/40
Future Needs for Public Investment and
Foreign Direct Investment in Agriculture
Financial investments required to support the7thNSEDP ( 2011-2015 ) :
Public investment: 10%Community-based / micro-finance: 10%
ODA: 20%
FDI: 60%
Approximately 1 Billion USD neededinagriculture and forestry sector for the coming5 years
21
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
22/40
Lao PDR has become WTO membership, need to
improve and upgrade laws and regulations, . . Inorder to meet WTO requirements.
Lao agriculture and forestry need to upgrade its
capacity to meet :
GAP standards SPS standards
Organic Agriculture standards (OA)
Fair trade standards
Livestock health standards, etc..
Public and private investments needs to
be synergized for successful regional andglobal integration
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
23/40
Agri-business : North Organic tea to China
Rubber to China
Maize to China, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Soybeans to Thailand
White sesame to Thailand NTFPs to China, Japan,
Korea
Beginning of supply
chainsmostlyunprocessed products or
early stage of processing
- Cross-border trade - major
incentive
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
24/40
Agri-business : Central
Maize to Thailand
Sugar Canecomplete supplychains shaping
Sweet corn to Europe
Vegetables to Europe
Peanuts to Thailand Cassava to Thailand, China
Black glutinous rice to Europe,
some organic
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
25/40
Agri-business : South
SME supply chains Okra to Japansupply chain
Coffeeto Hongkong, Europe,Thailandsupply chain Cabbages to Thailand,
Viet Nam
Bananas to Thailand,
Viet Nam Cotton indigo products to
Japan
Peanuts to Thailand,
Viet Nam
Cassava to Viet Nam Rubber to Viet Namsupply
chain
Soybeans to Thailand,
Viet Nam
The Cast of Characters :
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
26/40
The Cast of Characters :
Success stories Coffee
Dao Heuang (Champasak)
Sinouk (Champasak)
Lao Mountain Coffee
Outspan Coffee (Singapore)
Vegetables
Lao Agro Industry (VientianeProvince)
Mme. Inpeng (Champasak)
Taniyama-Siam (Sekong)
Textiles
Laha (cotton indigo)(Savannakhet)
Lao Sericulture (Mulberries)(Xieng Khouang)
Benzoin Agroforex (France) in Huaphan
Sugar cane Mitr Lao (Thailand) in Savannakhet
Savan (Thailand) inSavannakhet
Jatropha Kolao (Korea) in Vientiane
Province
Tree plantations Oji (Japan) in Borikhamxay,
khammouane)
Birla (India) in Savannakhet
Sun Paper (China) Savannakhet
Cassava Yetao (China) in Savannakhet
Henan (China) inSavannnakhet
Tenghui (China)in Savannakhet
Hu Phu (Viet Nam) in Salavan
Emerging & Growing SupplyChains
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
27/40
P-P & P-P ( Tighten Value Chains) Public & Public: Government to Government
MOU: Lao Government and Partner Government
Public & Private: Government to private company:
MOU: Lao Government and Private company
Private & Producers: Private company to producers
(Contract farming)Example : Case of rice or any commodity production in a
given Province. Partner Govt : varieties & breeds; technology; capacity building
Partner country Private Sector : capital; market; certification
Lao Govt & Private Sector complement : land lease; policy &other investment incentives; TA; capital & internal market;
liaising & business support
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
28/40
P-P & P-P
Barren land available as
a land concession
30 year renewable lease
30 ha1,000 ha
Operate as a nucleusestate
Contract farming outreach
program with local farmers
Lease land from farmers
Use farmers as workers
while transferring
technologyincrease
income & food security
Case Study:
Taniyama-Siam, Thateng
District, Sekong Province
Okra:
Sekong
to Japan
in 72
hours
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
29/40
Vientiane
Capital
Champasak
Pro
Investment Potential in Lao PDR in ANR Sector
Vientiane
Pro
Livestock, Rice
and Industry
Maize
Rubber tree,
Sugar cane
and Rice
Mekong Fish
indigenuos,
Cofee and
Vegetable
Savanakhet
Pro
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
30/40
Agriculture and Forestry Landin Perspective
Agriculture and ForestryLand area for promotionand attraction investment:
Total land area: 2.36 mil ha
1) Agriculture land: 1.8 mil ha, incl.:- Field crops land: 0.78 mil ha
- Fruit tree crops land: 0.78 mil ha
- Pasture land: 0.23 mil ha2) Industrial trees plantation: 0.56 mil
ha
3) Barren land : 7 million ha ( North, East )
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
31/40
Agricultural Innovation and
Technology Transfer
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
32/40
Agricultural Innovation National rice research program, area-based approach
Agricultural technologies (production, post harvest,agro-processing, land use planning, )
Variety improvement (flood and drought tolerant ricevarieties, high yielding, seed corn,),
Farming diversities (agro-forestry, mixed farming, )
Animal improvement (Cattles, pig, fish, feeds,vaccine,)
Agricultural infrastructure facilities development ,focusing on existing schemes.
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
33/40
Technology TransferNational agricultural extension strategy/program
(through extension network to village/cluster level)Technical service centers (now: 216 centers atprovincial, district and village cluster levels )
Farmers organization(group, association, by product:
crop, livestock,...)
Public-private-villager agricultural extensionpartnership
Extension infrastructure and revolving fundFarming technologies and marketing information
Seed distribution and production system
Agricultural input support program
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
34/40
Food Security Arrangements
in Case ofEmergency/Shortage caused
by Climate Change Effects
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
35/40
In Case of Emergency caused
by Natural Disasters- National Committee on Management of
Natural Disasters
- National Emergency Rice Reserve- National Rice Seed Reserve
- Revolving Fund/Micro finance
- Irrigation systems and agri. Inputs supply
- Asking for assistance from APTERR,other donors, . . .
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
36/40
Sharing Food Security
Information
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
37/40
Through ASEAN Network/
International Org./Financ.Instit.ASEAN Food Security Reserve Board
(AFSRB annual meeting)
ASEAN Food Security Information System(AFSIS),
APTERR
Sharing with FAO, WFP, WB, ADB,IRRI,in the Country based and Regional,
Sharing with MIP, MCI, (in the country)
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
38/40
Conclusions Food security remains in Lao PDR an important challenge
and Lao PDR
Greater investment in food and agriculture as well as in naturalresource management is fundamental to meeting the MDGs, inparticular the goals concerning poverty, hunger, and health.
Food security can only be achieved in Lao PDR if a broad rangeof stakeholders are partnering and aligning to a commonobjective.
NGOs need to be more present, working efficiently at communitylevel, and increasing local authorities capacities
FDI and Domestic investment can play an important role inboosting agricultural production, importing food safetystandards, ..
Increase focus on food security in environmental impactassessments (EIA) for investments in agro-based industries andplantations, bio-fuel industries, mining, hydro-power and others
Lao PDR need to enhance its responses to regionalchallenges (e.g. AIFS, SPA-FS)
Lao PDR National strategy needs to be further articulated with the
regional food security strategy
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
39/40
Lao Agriculture is Open
to Cooperation & Investment
-
8/14/2019 Lao PDR Country Report.pdf
40/40
Thank you
For your attention