Download - Latin Grammar
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Latin GrammarThe Ablative of Means(Grammar 3C, p. 172)
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The Ablative The ablative has many uses. We first saw it with prepositions. Many prepositions require it.
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The Ablative with Prepositions The ablative is required by all prepositions
that mean from: ā/ab dē ē/ex
cum sine in, sub
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The Independent Ablative Then we started learning the independent
ablative. The independent ablative is the term used for
the ablative on its own, without a preposition.
PREPOSITIONS
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The Ablative of Description The first independent ablative we learned was
the ablative of description:
mīles magnā uirtūte
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Ablative of Time Ablative of time
hōc tempore
eā nocte
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Ablative of Means The independent ablative is used to tell what tool is used to do an
action. We call this the ablative of means. It is translated with.
stilus, -ī, m. = stylus
haec fēmina stilō scrībit.
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Ablative of Means Latin distinguishes between doing something
with a thing as a tool and doing something with a person as a companion.
Doing something with a thing is ablative of means, and no cum (with) is used.
haec fēmina stilō scrībit.
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Ablative of Accompaniment Doing somethng with a person as a
companion requires a cum. This use is called ablative of accompaniment.
in urbem cum Marcō abeo.
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Ablative of Accompaniment
Marcusmīlitēs
mīlitēs cum Marcō portam effregunt.
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Ablative of Meansuirī
Marcus
uirī Marcō portam effregunt.
porta
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A Note on Cum Cum is a preposition and usually goes before
nouns:
cum Marcō
cum uirō
cum seruā
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A Note on Cum But with pronouns, cum often must be attached after
the pronoun:
mēcum
tēcum
nōbīscum
uōbīscum
sēcum
quōcum
quibuscum
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Summary We have now met three uses of the
ablative without prepositions, that is, of the independent ablative: 1. ablative of description.2. ablative of time.3. ablative of means.
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Summary The ablative of means does NOT use cum.
fēmina stilō scribit.
The ablative of accompaniment uses cum.
in urbem cum Marcō abeō