Download - LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
Edited by Chi Hun, Kim
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
History of LCD
시기 발명자 ( )형태 종류
1854년 R.C Virchow 농도 전이형 액정 발견
1888년 F. Reinitzer 온도 전이형 액정 발견
1930년 V. Freedericksz Freedericksz 전이 발견
1962년 Wiiliams DSM- LCD 특허 출원
1971년 Schadj, Helfrich TN- LCD
1972년 P. Brody Activ- Matrix 제안
1980~1983년 N.Clark, S. longerwall, K.Yoshino LCD강유전성 액정
1984년 Scheffer, Nehring STN- LCD
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Liquid Crystal
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Liquid Crystal Disply
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Operation Mechanism ( TN-LCD & STN-LCD )
1) TN-LCD 2) STN-LCD
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Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Operation Mechanism (TFT-LCD)
3) TFT-LCD
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Structure of LCD
Back light
Liquid crystal
Glass substrate
Glass substrate
Color filter
Polarizers
Signal lines
Transparent display electrode
Thin film transistor
Scan lineTransparent commonelectrode
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Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Process – Color Filter
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Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Process – TFT
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Process – LCD Panel
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Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Black Matrix
Role- Isolation of light source from adjacent pixel- Effect of increase in contrast- Prevention of inaccurate operation
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Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Component - Black Matrix
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Color in LCD
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Color in LCD
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Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Pigment Type
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Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Function of Components
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Color Filter Material
구 분 재 료
Binder Polymer (Copolymer or Terpolymer)아크릴계 수지
Photoinitiator and Sensitizer Triazine, I369, DETX
Functional Monome Polyfunctional Acrylates
Solvents PGMEA(Methoxypropylacetate)EEP(Ethyl- 3- ethoxypropionate)Cyclohexanone
Pigments ( 0.15μm ) 평균입경 이하
Red: Dianthraquinone(CI Pigment R177)Green: Halo- Cu- phthalocyanine(CI Pigment G36)Blue: Cu- phthalocyanine(CI Pigment B15:6)Yellow: Isoindoline(CI Pigment Y139)Violet: Dioxazine(CI Pigment V23)
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Over Coat
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Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
PVA Mode
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Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
ITO Etching Margin in PVA Mode
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Over Coat
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Spacer
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Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Two Types of Spacer
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Two Types of Spacer
It can be expected that the demand of column spacer increase according to increasing of market of LCD-TV.
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Organic Insulating Layer
Black Matrix type - VGA 60%
Organic insulator - VGA 80 ~ 82%
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Materials of Organic Insulating Layer
• Photosensitive resin
• PAC
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Polarizer
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Structure
Structure of polarizer in LCD- PVA (Poly vinyl alcohol)- TAC (Tri-acetyl cellulose)- Protection Film- AR(Anti-reflection) AG(Anti-Glare)
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Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Backlight Unit
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Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
BLU : Light Source
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
BLU : Optical Sheets & LGP
• Optical Sheets • LGP
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Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
The Functional of Alignment Layer
• LC Alignment by Rubbed Alignment Layer • Regulation of LC Movement
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
What is Pretilt Angle (θp)?
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Necessity of Pretilt Angle
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Polyimide (Alignment Layer)
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Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Steric Effect
⇒ 2.4°
⇒ 6.2°
⇒ 13.3°
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Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Substitution Effect
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Ultra Violet Arrangement
Polysiloxane cinnamate: PSCN
Photo-dimerized monolayer : PDML
Poly(ω(4-chalconyloxy) alkoxyphenylmaleimide) 6FD-HAB-CI polyimide
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Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Voltage Holding Ratio (VHR)
VHR(%)PI-1 : 99%PI-2 : 90%PI-3 : 80%PI-4 : 60%PI-5 : 50%
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Liquid Crystal
Nematic, Smectic, Cholesteric, FerroelectricAnti-ferroelectric, Discotic, Polymer LC
Themotropic LC, Lyotropic LC
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Molecular Structure of Liquid Crystal Compounds
Terminal group(Alkyl, Alkoxy, CN, Halogen atm etc.
Central Groups: Benzene or cyclohexane ring
Lateral Substituted group : H, Halogen atom, CN, OH, NO2etc.)
Linkage Groups: Ester, Ethylene, Methyloxy, Acetylene,
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
History of Liquid Crystal Compounds
C NR O/ R C NR
C O OR C N
N
N
C NR O /R
C NR
C NR
C NR
C N
O
O
R
C H 2C H 2 C NR
C H 2C H 2R C N
1972/3
1973
1973/4
1976/77
1980
1983
: BDH
: Halle D.D.R
Hoffmann -La Roche
: Merck, F.R.G
: Halle , D.D.R
Hull, BDH
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Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Fluorine Substituted Liquid Crystal Compounds
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Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Components for Use in Wide Working Range TN Mixtures
R R '
R C H2
C H2
R '
C H2
C H2
R 'R
R 'R
F
R '
F
C H2
C H2
R
Low viscosity
Wide range, low viscosity
R 'R
R 'R
C H2
C H2
R 'R
C H2
C H2
R 'R
High clearing point
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Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Chiral Liquid Crystal Compound
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Color Filter PR
Black Matrix
Liquid Crystal
Alignment Layer
Polarizer
Prism Film
Retardation Film
Substrates
Full Color
Pixel
Light Valve
LC Aligning
Polarization of Light
Light Pass
Phase Compensation
Panel substrate
Acrylic Polymer, Pigment
Cr/CrOx, Resin
Organic
Polyimide
PVA, TAC, Adhesives
PET film, UV-Curing resin
Polycarbonate, LC film
Glass, Plastic
Item Function Materials
Current Materials in TFT-LCD
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Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
* : In Plane Switching** : Vertical Alignment
Wide Viewing Angle
Brightness Enhancing
UV-Alignment Layer- IPS* Mode- VA** Mode
High Aperture Tech- Organic Passivation Layer- TFT on CF Array (TOC)
PhotopolymersPhoto-PolyacrylatesPolyimides
Dielectric PolymersHybrid Polymers
Flexible DisplayPlastic SubstrateOrganic TFTOrganic Gate Insulator
Optical PolymersConducting Polymers
Target Application Polymer Materials
New Color TechnologyNovel PDPR for TVInk - Jet Technology
New Polymer Binders
Fast Response Time TV Application (~6 msec) New type LC
New TFT-LCD Technology with (New) Polymer Materials
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Large Area TFT-LCD Market (Quantity)
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Large Area TFT-LCD Market (Revenue)
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ICML Hanyang University
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Mobile TFT-LCD Applications & Market Size
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Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
Reference
1) Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 1847-1873
2) J. R. Park, G. Ryu, J. Byun, H. Hwang S. T. Kim, and I. Kim, Optical review, 9, 207 (2002)
3) http://smdl.snu.ac.kr/lecture/dis/ybkim/kyb.ppt
4) Polymer Science and Technology Vol. 15, No. 6, pp.674-682 December 2004
5) Polymer Science and Technology Vol. 14 No. 2, pp.174-180 April 2003
6) Polymer Science and Technology Vol. 12, No. 3, pp.674-682 June 2001
7) B. O. Myrvold, H. Yokokura, Y. Iwakabe, K. Kondo and S. Ohhara, Japan display, 827 (1992)
8) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCD
9) http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/L/LCD.html
10) http://web.media.mit.edu/~stefan/liquid-crystals/liquid-crystals.html
11) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_crystal_display