Download - Le Chatelier’s principle:
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Le Chatelier’s principle:
if a system at equilibrium is disturbed, the system will move in such a way as to counteract the disturbance.
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Types of disturbances:
a. Concentration
b. Pressure - with gases, relates to concentration
c. temperature (energy)
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Concentration:
PCl3(g) + Cl2 (g) PCl5(g)
add more Cl2?
K]tstanac[Re
]oducts[Prcoeff
coeff
remove some PCl3?
Do concentration changesaffect the value of
K?
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Pressure:
CH4(g) + 2S2(g) CS2(g) + 2H2S(g)
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
Increase pressure?
Decrease pressure?
increase pressure?
CO2(g) + C(s) 2CO(g)
increase pressure?
Do pressure changes affect
the valueof K?
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Heat:
CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g) Ho = - 21.7 kcal
Is this endo or exo
thermic?
Then in this case heat is a product.
So RXN is : CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g) + heat
add Heat?
Remove Heat?
What effect doesa heat change
have on thevalue of K?
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Heat:
2H2O(g) 2H2(g) + O2(g) H = 484 kJ
Is heat a product or a reactant?
So: 2H2O(g) + heat 2H2(g) + O2(g) H = 484 kJ
add heat?
remove heat?
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Temp. Changes:
N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO(g)
K@2000K = 4.1 x 10-4 K@2500K = 36 x 10-4
So is heat a product or a reactant?
N2(g) + O2(g) + heat 2NO(g)
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External factors affecting Equilibria:
Factor: Effect:
1. Temp Change
2. Conc. changealso pressure changes with gases
3. catalyst
value of K changes
RXN shifts to maintain value of K
since K = constant: Eq mixture is the same, but Eq is reached faster. (rate is increased)