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LEAPA Language for Architecture Design, Simulation and
Analysis
Tony Clark1, Balbir S. Barn1, Samia Oussena2
1Middlesex University, London, UK2School of Computing, University of West London, UK
April 18, 2012
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Plan
Problem, Hypothesis, Solution.
LEAP.
Use-Cases.
LEAP-based Research Areas
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Architectural Complexity
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Proposal
Identify the key features:I Components, port, connectors.I Information models, highly structured data.I Specification of behaviour, state machines.I High-level operations, complex where necessary.I Event processing.I Simulation.I Text for definition, diagrams for understanding.
Identify use-cases.
Incrementally extend features as necessary.
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The LEAP Tool
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Data Models
component library {
model {
class Reader {
name:str}
class Book {
name:str}
assoc Borrow {
reader:Reader;
book:Book
}
}
}
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Syntax Checking
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Invariants
component library {
model {
class Reader { name:str }
class Book { name:str }
assoc Borrow {
reader:Reader;
book:Book
}
}
invariants {
reader_can_borrow_3_books {
forall Reader(n) in state {
(length([n | Borrow(Reader(n),_) <- state ])) <= 3
}
}
}
}
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State
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State
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Ports and Interfaces
model {
class Reader { name:str }
class Book { name:str }
assoc Borrow {
reader:Reader;
book:Book
}
}
port manage_readers[in]: interface {
register(r:str):void}
port manage_books[in]: interface {
borrow(r:str, b:str):void}
}
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Specifications
component library {
model { // Reader, Book, Borrow...
}
// ports manage_readers, manage_books...
spec {
register(r:str):void {
pre not(Reader(r))post Reader(r)
}
borrow(r:str,b:str):void {
pre Reader(r) Book(b) not(Borrow(_,Book(b)))post Borrow(Reader(r),Book(b))
}
}
}
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Operationscomponent library {
model { // Reader, Book, Borrow...
}
// ports manage_readers, manage_books...
operations {
register(r) {
new Reader(r)
}
borrow(r,b) {
find reader=Reader(r) in state {
find book=Book(b) in state {
find Borrow(_,book) in state {
error(’book ’ + b + ’ already borrowed’)
} else new Borrow(reader,book)
} else error(’no book: ’ + b)
} else error(’no reader: ’ + r)
}
}
}
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Simulation 1
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Simulation 2
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Simulation 3
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Simulation 4
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Simulation 5
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Simulation 6
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Simulation 7
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Data Representation
model {
class Faculty {
name:str;schools:[Department]
}
class Department {
name:str;groups:[Group]
}
class Group {
name:str;members:[Staff]
}
class Staff {
name:str;age:int
}
}
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Constructing Trees
init {
new Faculty(’Engineering’,[
Department(’Maths’,[
Group(’Pure’,[
Staff(’Dr. Piercemuller’,60),
Staff(’Dr. Eager’,30)
]),
Group(’Applied’,[
Staff(’Prof. Lappin’,57),
Staff(’Mr. Qip’,40)
])
]),
Department(’Computing’,[])
])
}
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Comprehensions
operations {
staff_names() {
[ name | Faculty(_,departments) <- state,Department(_,groups) <- departments,
Group(_,staff) <- groups,
Staff(name,_) <- staff ]
}
staff_over(age) {
[ name | Faculty(_,departments) <- state,Department(_,groups) <- departments,
Group(_,staff) <- groups,
Staff(name,staff_age) <- staff,
?(staff_age > age) ]
}
}
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Recursive Functions
operations {
staff_names() {
letrec get_names =
fun(data)case data {
[] -> [];
h:t -> (get_names(h))+get_names(t);
Faculty(_,departments) -> get_names(departments);
Department(_,groups) -> get_names(groups);
Group(_,staff) -> get_names(staff);
Staff(name,_) -> [name]
}
in get_names(state)}
}
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Rulescomponent order_processing {
port authorization[in]: interface {
finance(id:int):void;manager(id:int):void;procurement(id:int):void
}
port dispatch[out]: interface {
order(id:int):void}
operations {
finance(id) { new Finance(id) }
manager(id) { new Manager(id) }
procurement(id) { new Procurement(id) }
}
rules {
order: Finance(id) Manager(id) Procurement(id) {
dispatch <- order(id)
}
}
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State Machines: Messagesport authorization[in]: interface {
// Messages are received when specific
// authorization is received. The order
// id is supplied...
finance(id:int):void;manager(id:int):void;procurement(id:int):void;complete(id:int):void;reset():void
}
port dispatch[out]: interface {
// Sent to the output port when the
// order is complete...
order(id:int):void}
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State Machines: Types
machine(Start:start) {
// Types are used to define states.
// Types may be named and then used in
// the rest of the machine...
type start = Start
type finance = Finance(int)type manager = Manager(int)type procurement = Procurement(int)type end = End(int)
// Transitions...
}
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State Machines: Transitionsmachine(Start:start) {
// (finance
// (manager procurement + procurement manager)
// complete reset)*
go:start->finance
finance(i) Start->Finance(i);
multiple_finance:finance->finance
finance(i) Finance(i)->Finance(i);
got_manager:finance->manager
manager(i) Finance(i)->Manager(i);
got_procurement:finance->procurement
procurement(i) Finance(i)->Procurement(i);
end1:manager->end
complete(i) Manager(i) -> End(i) { dispatch <- order(i) }
end2:procurement->end
complete(i) Procurement(i) -> End(i) { dispatch <- order(i) }
reset:end->start
reset End(i) -> Start;
}
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State Machines: Execution
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State Machines: Execution
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State Machines: Execution
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State Machines: Execution
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State Machines: Execution
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State Machines: Execution
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State Machines: Execution
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State Machines: Execution
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Communication: Definitioncomponent container {
component sender {
port output[out]: interface {
m():void}
init { output <- m() }
}
component receiver {
port input[in]: interface {
m():void}
machine(0:int) {
t:int->int m 0->0 {
print(’RECEIVED MESSAGE’)
}
}
}
init {
connect(sender.output,receiver.input)
}
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Communication: Execution
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Communication: Execution
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GUI: Contacts
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Manager
component manager {
// Ports changed and manage...
operations {
add(n) {
new Contact(n);
changed <- show([name | Contact(name) <- state])}
remove(n) {
delete Contact(n);
changed <- show([name | Contact(name) <- state])}
}
}
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GUI
component gui {
display = jcomponent(’frames.GUI’)
// Ports manage and update...
add_button = Button(’add’,fun(e) manage <- add(e.contact))
operations {
show(data) {
display.in <- display(
Table(
[[Text(n),delete_button(n)] | n <- data] +
[[Input(’contact’,’’,10),add_button]]
))
}
delete_button(name) {
Button(’delete’,fun(e) manage <- remove(n))
}
}
}
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GUI: Execution
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Use Cases and Research Areas
Simulation.
Refinement.
Alignment.
Goal modelling and goal modelling.
Analysis of non-functional properties:I Cost.I Performance.I Security.
Architectural Patterns.
Product Lines and Configuration.
Slicing.
Testing.
Publications: [3, 1, 2, 4], InfoSys SETLAB Briefings, WAMBSEWorkshop. ICSoft alignment paper submitted.
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T. Clark, B.S. Barn, and S. Oussena.Leap: a precise lightweight framework for enterprise architecture.In Proceedings of the 4th India Software Engineering Conference,pages 85–94. ACM, 2011.
Tony Clark and Balbir S. Barn.Event driven architecture modelling and simulation.In SOSE, pages 43–54, 2011.
Tony Clark and Balbir S. Barn.A common basis for modelling service-oriented and event-drivenarchitectures.In 5th India Software Engineering Conference, IIT Kanpur, ISEC 12,2012.
Tony Clark, Balbir S. Barn, and Samia Oussena.A method for enterprise architecture alignment.In PRET at CAISE 2011, 2012.
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