Download - Learner differences affective factors
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Learner Differences
Affective Factors
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Learner Differences Motivation Anxiety Attitudes Intelligence and aptitude Personality factors
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Learner differences How quickly learners learn a
language How successfully learners learn a
language
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Opportunities for learning Number of opportunities Kind of opportunities
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Number of opportunities More is better More listening chances and more
speaking chances result in more learning opportunities
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Kind of opportunities Learners cannot be passive
Learners must interact with the language
Language must be at an appropriate level
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Motivation The inner drive to do something Communicative need
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Communicative need Integrative motivation
Desire to be part of a group Instrumental motivation
Desire to learn a language so that it can be used
Higher motivation results in greater progress
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Motivation Most important affective factor Motivation is needed to
Start learning Continue learning
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Anxiety Learners must be comfortable in
their learning environment Anxiety about the environment can
affect learning both negatively and positively
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Attitudes 1 What you think about something
Positive Negative
Favorable attitudes usually result in more interaction with a second language community
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Attitudes 2 Language is part of our cultural
identity Using another language means
giving up part of that identity and adopting another identity
Accepting another culture will help when learning that culture’s language
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Intelligence and Aptitude Higher intelligence usually means
higher language ability Intelligence and language ability
are often tested by similar tests No surprise that there is a close
relation
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Personality factors 1 Extroversion / Introversion
Extroverted learners thought to be better because they enter into more conversations
Self-esteem Learners with high self-esteem may
be more ready to risk making mistakes
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Personality factors 2 Tolerance for ambiguity
Learners cannot always understand everything 100%
Learners who can handle not always understanding may be less overwhelmed
Empathy Understanding thoughts and feelings
of others may enable learners to take on a new identity more easily
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Conclusions Motivation is the only factor that
has shown a clear effect Other factors play some role
Which are most important is difficult to say
Some factors have a direct role; other an indirect one