Learning Problems in Hearing Impaired Students
Learning Problems in Hearing Impaired Students
PresenterSalwa Saeed ElNagdy
SOME Associated problems with Hearing
Impairment •Intellectual
•Learning
•Emotional
•Cognitive
&
Thinking & Linguistic Language Skills
•Behavioral
Affection of Behavior& Emotional Problems
•Some of them have aggression & disruptive behavior which certainly affects their ability to learn ( Chalk
1999)
•Emotional problems is also presented by ( e.g.( Rejection of
peers ).
Affection of Thinking & Language Skills
•Thinking Process & Language Skills will be inevitably affected ( Chalk
1999) .
Underlying Etiologies (Causes))
•There are some common causes &
•main Diseases that will cause Hearing
:Impairment; Such as
Some Diseases Causing Learning Problems of
Hearing Impaired•Miningitis
•Prematurity
•Cytomegalovirus
Effect of these Diseases
•The Author Assumes that as these diseases affect the central
Nervous System . So the children will have intellectual , Cognitive , Learning Problems as a result of
these Diseases ( Chalk ,1999)
Greater Risks on Premature Infants
•Pre-maturity has an effect & Complications on the short term & Long
term • It affects growth & Mental
Development & Cognitive Abilities of the Infant (Who Disease & Injury Country Estimates” World Health
Organization,2009.Retrieved Nov. 11. 2009)
Problems of Language Acquisition
•Gap in growth & Acquisition of vocabulary
•Complex Sentence Comprehension
•Difficulty in Construction of Sentences
•Difficulty in Concept Formation Compared to Students of Normal
Hearing
Technical Aids Used•Some Common technical aids are
used as Hearing Aids with its different types , F.M System, &
Cochlear Implants etc .
Role Of Audiology & Audiologists
•Doing Hearing Tests & determining the type of hearing aid or the technical aid that fits every child & student’s type &
degree of hearing Loss .
School ProgramsElizabeth A. Martinez
•Any type & Degree of Hearing Impairment have a negative
impact on the spoken & receptive language
•It also affects the ability to
read & write & the academic achievement
•In 1998 1.218 of hearing impaired 37% of them have
failed a grade (U.S.A.)
School ProgramSchool ProgramStudies has showed that unilateral hearing Impaired students are 10 times more than normal students
to fail a grade .
94-96% of students of Hearing problems are hard of hearing &
not deaf ( Elizabeth Martinez)
How Do They discriminate Speech
•Speech for them is audible ( detectable ), but not intelligible
enough to allow them to hear one word as distinct from another
•The Hard of Hearing are in need of Support services to get a maximal
benefit from education ; ( Audiologist to manage their hearing aids
&classroom listening devices & listening environment
Effect of Bad Listening Environment
•As Poor Listening conditions can render a hard of Hearing a
functionally deaf
Effects of Early Intervention
•Mandatory Early Hearing Screening has caused early Identification of the hearing
loss from 3 years to 3 months only •Research has showed that early
intervention & use of appropriate Hearing aids by the age of 6 months will help the child to be able to have normal
milestones for language acquisition &learning at the age of kindergarten
stage
More Functions & Requirements of Hearing
Aids
•Will not restore normal hearing•Will amplify all sound•Must be in excellent working
condition
•Must be worn consistently
Effect of Advanced Hearing Technology
•By using the advanced technology , the child will be able to be in the
mainstream kindergarten and schooling
What Are The Advanced Technology???
•Assistive Listening Devices • Hearing Aids Of Different types ;
Depending on the child’s Type & Degree of Hearing Loss ( This is the
Audiologist’s Decision )•Cochlear Implant If it is recommended
by the E.N.T. Specialist & The Audiologist .
References•Felexer , Carol,1999 Facilitating
Hearing & Listening in Young Children . San Diego, CA , Singular
etc.
Strategies used to develop Communication
Skills •Some of the Intervention &
Assistive Processes are Used to help In Developing
Language & Communication Skills
General Trends•Convey The Messages through Facial
Expression ,Gestures & Body Language•Try to face the student & Attract
his Attention Before you Speak to him •If you are not facing the student try to
touch his shoulder or his arm to attract his attention for your wish to
communicate .
For Reinforcement •Repeat the New Vocabulary in different contexts•Sequence Topics So that the previously
learnt is connected to the new one
Use Visual Aids As Vision( Visual Stimulus) is the first means of receiving information
How to Help the Hearing Impaired Students in
Learning??? •What are the Strategies & processes
of Intervention used with these Students???
Aural –Oral Approach•It places the Emphasis on Speech, Residual
Hearing & Speech Reading ( Lip – Reading ) IN Some Cases
•Use of assistive Listening Devices all working hours
•Optimal Amplification as the child is in need to understand the spoken word as ( hearing aids
or the cochlear Implants etc .
Aural-Oral Approach ( Continued)
•The Child is trained to use his residual Hearing to develop his
Expressive Language
•The aim is to mainstream the deaf /hard of hearing to be in
regular schools after he/she finishes the training program
Auditory –Verbal Method
•It has some of the same Traits of Aural-Oral •But It does not Emphasize Speech Reading •The Child Is Trained to Listen First & not in
Need to Look at the Speaker’s Mouth for Information
•He is aimed to be mainstreamed in the preschool from the beginning
•(Auditory –Verbal International Inc (AIV )
A Resource Guide to Support Classroom
Teachers
– Equipment Needs of Students Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
Technical Aid Which Help The Student To access
the curriculum
•Overhead Projectors & Use of Audio –Visual Aids & Using these
aids to input in his F.M System
Teaching Techniques•Use Written announcements
Assignments, exam dates and changes in schedule etc.
•Write all homework & assignments & instructions on the chalkboard.
Teaching Techniques (Continued)
•Avoid Seating the child in heavy traffic areas
•Use video if possible•Avoid vibration & excessive noise•Do not talk while writing on the
chalkboard
Why is reading & Understanding of written
Text is affected?
•These are my view points!!!!!!
•Reading is generally affected as the spoken Arabic is much
different from the written Arabic.
What to do before reading???
•Before Reading•Elicit prior knowledge•Build background•Introduce the book
The TEACHER’S role DURING reading???
•During Reading•Picture walk through the book•Educator reinforces reading
strategies•Students read to practice reading
strategies
WHAT TO DO AFTER READING???
•After Reading•Reflect on reading strategies•Build comprehension•a. discuss the story•Extend the reading•a. respond through writing
b. respond through visual learning•Read independently
Affection of Pragmatics & Understanding of
Questions
؟ • امبارح فين (slang question) رحت
؟ • أمس ذهبت written) أينquestion )
How to Help the Child?
•So , New meanings of written words & expressions should be
mastered first ; to let the child be able to understand the question &
is able to respond properly.
How to help understanding Written
Questions?
•Do always stress on both meanings & expressions ( spoken & written )
•So the child can always relate between the spoken & written ,
which is always difficult for the H.H students.
Difficulty in Pragmatic Competence
• Arabic words do have enormous & multiple Conjugations & meanings
Examples مغسول – – – – • غسل غسيل تغسل يغسل
الخ– – غسالة•The child will be always confused
to choose the right word for a certain context or discourse.
Pragmatic incompetence in
Orders
بتاعك .) ( • البالطو الدوالب من بلطيكي هاتيالشئ) • اسم عن واحدة بكلمة هنا التعبير
والملكية ( •Bring your coat from wardrobe •So the difficulty lies in using one
word in Arabic to express two concepts ( Nouns & possession ).
More Examples وتعالي .• كرسيكي هاتي
بتاعك) ( . الكرسيBring your chair.
In the previous order one word is used to express two meanings
( nouns & possession ) .
Strategy of Improving the Pragmatic Competence
•Repetition & Repetition & giving different examples & different
meanings in different situations & contexts ( spoken & written ) & do
always relate between them .
Difficulty in Understanding Abstract
Thinking & ideas & how to help ???
•Abstract thinking will be inevitably affected .
•We have to explain every
Abstract idea or expression one
By one .
Examples
األسد” ,,.• ذاك من الشبل هذا
•This is easy for us to understand < but the student certainly will not understand the connotations of
this saying .