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Learning Target:Principles of Ecology
Ch. 13.1 pp. 396 – 400 Ch. 13.2 pp. 402 - 404
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I Can.…List and Identify the organizational levels in a biomeIdentify how both biotic and abiotic factors affect an ecosystemExplain why producers are so important to an ecosystemI Will…• Label the levels within a biome• Describe how an ecosystem is
affected by• An abiotic factor• A keystone species
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Ecology –• Study of the relationships
among organisms and their environment.• Gr. Oikos = house
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Levels of organization • Organism – any individual living
thing• Population – group of the same
species • Species – organisms of the same
type genetically similar enough to reproduce viable (alive), fertile (capable of reproduction) offspring.
• Community - various populations living together in one area
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Levels of organization (continued)
• Ecosystem - all the living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) components in an area interacting together• Abiotic factors• Temperature, wind, moisture level,
air pressure, sunlight• Biome – major regional or global
community of organisms characterized by climate conditions and plant life • Earth – 7% is Tropical Rain Forest• Accounts for 50% of Earth’s plant
and animal species
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Organism Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
Changing one factor, biotic or abiotic, in an ecosystem can affect many other components of the system
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creation ofwetlandecosystem
increased waterfowlPopulation
increased fishpopulation
nesting sites for birds
keystone species
Keystone species –Species that has an unusually large effect on an ecosystem
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Learning Check : Principles of Ecology
Give an example of a keystone species and describe its impact on its ecosystem.Use the vocabulary terms; biotic, abiotic, population, community, and ecosystem in your description.
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Energy in Ecosystems: Ch. 13.3 & 13.4
Life needs a source of energy to survive
• Producers –• Organisms that get their energy from
nonliving resources (make their own food)
• A.K.A – Autotrophs• Consumers –• Organisms that get their energy by
eating other living or once living resources• A.K.A - Heterotrophs
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Energy in Ecosystems: Life needs a source of energy to survive
• Photosynthesis –• Process by which light energy is
converted into chemical energy (food/sugar)
• Chemosynthesis – Process by which ATP (energy molecule) is synthesized/made from chemical resources instead of light
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Energy in Ecosystems: Life needs a source of energy to survive• Herbivores – • Eat only plants
• Carnivores -• Eat only animals
• Omnivores -• Eat both plant and animals
• Detritivores -• Eat dead decaying matter
• Decomposers –• Breakdown organic matter and return
nutrients to ecosystem
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Energy in Ecosystems: Life needs a source of energy to survive
• Specialists -• Eats primarily one type of food
• Generalists - • Consume a variety of foods
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Energy in Ecosystems: Life needs a source of energy to survive• Food chain –• Shows a sequence of feeding
relationships • Only follows the connection between
one producer and a single chain of consumers
• Food web –• Complex network of feeding
relationships
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Trophic LevelsLevels of nourishment in a food chain• Most
energy at the bottom.
Energy is lost as heat and used by organism
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Energy in Ecosystems: Learning Check
What are you?• Producer• Primary consumer/herbivore•Omnivore• Carnivore
Briefly explain your answer.