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Learning Targets
You will be able to:1. Explain the goals of the New Deal.2. Summarize how the New Deal
tried to reach these goals.3. Analyze the New Deal agencies
and choose which was the most important.
4. Critique the New Deal.
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http://livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe30s/movies/schmitt_money_13.html
THE 1932 ELECTION: HOOVER V. ROOSEVELT
HOOVER ROOSEVELT--15.8 million votes--22.8 million votes-- 6 of 48 states -- 42 of 48 states
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“The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”
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FDR’s Response to GD
1. “try something”2. “Brain Trust” for advice 3. focus on 3 Rs:
relief (aids people directly, like jobs) recovery (supports/ help industries) reform (creates new laws to fix problems)
“Take a methodAnd try it. If it fails, admit it Frankly and tryAnother.” Roosevelt, explaining his action plan in dealing with the Great Depression,1932
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FDR announces his “New Deal”
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1. Civilian Conservation Corps. (CCC)
• gave jobs to young men, conserved natural resources (parks, roads, ditches, windbreaks, etc.)
FACTS•designed for urban men 18-25• $30 a month, $22 home• 300,000 immediately• 3 million helped
http://livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe30s/water_12.html
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Digging Ditches in MontanaIllinois CCC advertisement
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Pillow created to honor the CCC
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2. Federal Emergency & Relief Administration
(FERA): • direct relief was given to states to help families
FERA distributes clothingIn Tennessee
FACTS•Designed to be quick•$500 million in first year•$3 billion by 1935
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3. Works Progress Administration (WPA):
• put people to work building public buildings and roads• also hired artists & writers (40,000!)WPA workers creating a floodControl dike in Arkansas
FACTS• cost $2.1 million a year• included women and AA•$55 a month (8.5 million)•Built 2,500 hospitals, 5,900 schools, 13,000 playgrounds, 1,000 airstrips
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WPA advertisement to aid women
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WPA helped artists,like Diego, create murals and continuehis or her craft
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Think, Pair, Share
Compare and evaluate the three relief programs. Which one do you think was most effective? Why?
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1. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA):
• helped the valley by controlling floods and making cheap hydroelectric power
FACTS• gave electricity to rural areas• 1932 – 2% had electricity vs. 1933- 75%• electricity prices dropped from 10 cents to 3 cents• drew businesses to area
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TVA workers working on a dam control building
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2. National Recovery Administration (NRA):
• set industry codes for production, wages, prices & working conditions
2 million businesses participated – established minimum wages, hours and outlawed child labor
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3. Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
• farmers paid not to grow crops to prevent surpluses
Texas farmersReceive AAAcheck
FACTS• doubled farm income• controversial
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Think, Pair, Share
Compare the benefits and drawbacks of the Agricultural Adjustment Act. What is your conclusion?
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1. Emergency Banking Act• only stable banks were allowed to reopen from the “bank holiday”
FDR passes in 4 hours without written bill!
FACTS• 1929-1933: 1,000 banks a year failed Vs. 3 banks in 2007 (2010-129)• Shared plan on 1st fireside chat as 60 million listened• 75% of bank opened within a month
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2. Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC)
• insured savings accounts in gov’t approved banks
Logo banks display today for FDIC today
FACTS• insured up to $5,000 (today $250,000)• done to reassure the public and help them regain trust in banks• in 6 months – 97% joined
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3. Securities and Exchange Commission
(SEC)• oversees companies that sell stocks to protect the investors
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4. Social Security Act • pensions for elderly, unemployment insurance, welfare
FACTS• 28 million unemployed• gave $10 to $85 a month•3.8 million families deserted by males
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Think, Pair, Share
Social Security programs are in trouble today. Hypothesize how and why this is so.
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FDR’s INAUGURATION
SPEECH
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrfirstinaugural.html
What effect would FDR’s inaugural address have on you if you had been alive at this time? Explain.
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New Deal Final ReflectionChoose 3 of the following to answer in your notebook.
1. Knowledge: List three of the New Deal programs and what they did.
2. Comprehension: Explain why the New Deal helped industries recover.
3. Application: Illustrate how one of the New Deal programs aided Americans in the Great Depression.
4. Analysis: Select the New Deal law that you feel has made the biggest impact on the world we live in today.
5. Synthesis: Hypothesize how our world might be different if the Social Security Act had not been passed.
6. Evaluation: Critique Roosevelt’s response to the New Deal. Give him a letter grade for the programs and justify it with comments.