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Organization of the nervous system
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Model neuron
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Axonal transport
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There are 3 functional classes of neurons
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The neuropil of the CNS
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Knowledge of the electrical properties of neurons is essential to
understanding how the the nervous system works.
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Apparatus for intracellular recording of membrane potential
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The fluid mosaic model of membranes
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Leak conductance channels
Ligand activated channels
Voltage-gated channels
Mechanically-gated
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The genesis of an equilibrium potential
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Eion = RTZF ln [ion]1
[ion]2Nernst eqn.
Eion = log [ion]1
[ion]2
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Fig 5-30
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Goldman, Hodgkin, Katz eqn.
Em =61 log Pk [K]oPk [K]i
PNa [Na]oPNa [Na]i
++
PCl [Cl]iPCl [Cl]o
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The resting membrane potential of a cell that is
permeable to multiple ionic species can be calculatedusing the Goldman, Hodgkin, Katz equation
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Passive spread of graded potentials
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Graded potentials can lead to the initiation of an action potential
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The generation of an Action Potential
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The operation of a voltage-gated Na channel
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Action potentials are regenerative events involving positive
feedback in which membrane depolarization actives voltage-
gated Na channels that depolarize the membrane
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Stimulus strength is encoded by receptor potential amplitude, action potential
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Stimulus strength is encoded by receptor potential amplitude, action potential
frequency and the quantity of transmitter release
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Mechanism of action potential propagation
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Saltatory conduction along a myelinated nerve
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Saltatory conduction along a myelinated nerve
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Electrolyte imbalance can disrupt electrical signaling
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Ionic currents are
measured using voltageclamp technology
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Patch clamp measurements
of single voltage dependent
sodium channels
ensemble average curent
single current traces
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Secondary structure of voltage-gated sodium channel
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Voltage sensor
activation gate
Families of voltage-gated channels
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Families of voltage-gated channels
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Mechanisms of synaptic transmission
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Synthesis and recycling of Ach at a synapse
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Synthesis and recycling of Ach at a synapse
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Mechanisms for terminating the action of neurotransmitters
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Neurons integrate the activity of
many synaptic inputs
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Temporal summation
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Temporal summation
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Long term potentiation involves the
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g p
coordinated activities of two
classes of glutamate receptors
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Peripheral nerves have a strong regenerative potential following injury
** CNS neurons also regenerate
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