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Lecture-1 (Logistics and Introduction)CS422-Spring 2019
Biswa@CSE-IITK
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 2
Instructor
Biswa (Biswabandan, Sir, Prof., Dr., Er., *-Biswa), T.As: Arun and Prakhar
Contact: KD 203, [email protected] Hours: Friday, 12 noon
Teaching and Research Interests: Computer Architecture, Arch-OS interface, and Systems Security
Website: http://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/biswap
Sir/Prof./…… outlawed with CS422 and Biswa
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Logistics
When: Mon/Tues. 12.00-13.15 Hrs & 9.00-10.15 HrsWhere: KD 103, What: You know it
Course website: www.cse.iitk.ac.in/~biswap/CS422-19.html
Piazza: For online discussions
Submission of assignments: Canvas
Register/Drop ASAP (if interested/not interested)
CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 3
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 4
What I Expect from You?
No open-screens (no nomophobics): No open smart-phones (phones) & laptops/tablets. Keep your phones in silent mode
Open-screens will affect (distract) you, your friends, and me
Paper reading and writing reviews/reports
Understand, implement, and analyze ideas (Hard work and honesty)
Ask questions & participate in in-class discussions (worth bonus points)
Slides will not contain everything. So attend lectures.
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 5
What I Expect from You?
Be on timeTiming
Cheating In any form will lead to zero points. Grade will be capped down (one level). To prevent capping down, you have to build architectural tools.
Dropping CS422
Not allowed after Jan 21st 2019. Drop the course before that. Why? It will affect your group.
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 6
What I Expect from You?
Ditch your excuses.
Just shout if you do not like something about me or about the course. However, be on the right side and then shout.
Participate in class/Piazza regularly. Do not fear about your doubts. Just communicate. We (you, T.A., and me) will try our best to address it.
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 7
What Can you Expect From Me?
I will give my 100% in delivering lectures, clearing your doubts, helping you learning.
A relationship based on trust and respect. I will be lenient in terms of deadlines (others) for genuine cases.
Available for meetings regularly.
Reference letters in the future.
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 8
Questions ??
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 9
Processor [Source: Intel and Qualcomm]
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 10
Caches [Source: Intel]
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 11
DRAM & DRAM Cache [Source: nist.gov]
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 12
Others [Source: Youtube and NVIDIA]
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CS 422: Computer Architecture
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 14
Book
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 15
The flow
10,000 feet view in first three weeks
All three assignments will be up from Feb. 1
Projects will be up from Feb. 1
Assignment-0 and what is expected by January 25th
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 16
ISCA 19 Championship
Value Prediction @ISCA’18: IITK placed second
Data Prefetching @ISCA’19: IITK ??
Round the year Championship
One more submission from IITK in the pipeline
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 17
Computer Architecture ??
Control
Datapath
Memory
ProcessorInput
Output
Since 1946 all computers have had 5 components
So What ?
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 18
Remember CS220
5-stage instruction pipeline
Caches
Addressing modes
CPI, IPC, MIPS Rating
RISC/CISC
ISA
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 19
Again, What is Computer Architecture?
• 1950s to 1960s: Computer Arithmetic
• 1970s to mid 1980s: Instruction Set Design, especially ISA appropriate for compilers
• 1990s: Design of CPU, memory system, I/O system, Multiprocessors, Networks
• 2010s: Self adapting systems? Self organizing structures? DNA Systems/Quantum Computing?
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 20
What is Computer Architecture?
Computer
Architecture
TechnologyProgrammingLanguages
OperatingSystems
History
Applications
Cleverness
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 21
Computer Architecture ??
Computer theorists propose algorithms that solve important problems and analyze their asymptotic behavior (e.g., O(NlogN), O(N)). Computer architects (applicable to computer systems) set the constant factors of these algorithms –Christos Kozyrakis, Stanford
VLSI++ or ++VLSI Writing Verilog/VHDL code for designing a processorUnderstanding how transistors work
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 22
Computer Architecture: My View
For non-CS/EE minds: Abstraction layer that enables computation in (running a C program and getting an output) hardware. The layer decides how/when/why of the enabler.
For CS/EE minds: Study of design trade-offs of different components (five) that are part of the abstraction layer. Trade-offs can be in terms of performance, power, energy, area, security, ……..
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 23
Computing Stack
Problems
Algorithms
Programming Languages/Compilers
Operating Systems
Microarchitecture (below: Circuits/electrons)
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 24
Why Study Computer Architecture ?
• CHANGE
• It’s exciting!
• It has never been more exciting!
• It impacts every other aspect of electrical engineering and computer science
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 25
Architecture: Design Process
Design
Analysis
Architecture is an iterative process:• Searching the space of possible designs• At all levels of computer systems
Creativity
Good IdeasMediocre Ideas
Cost /PerformanceAnalysis
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 26
First Microprocessor: Intel 4004, 1971
•4-bit accumulator architecture
•8µm pMOS
•2,300 transistors
•3 x 4 mm2
•750kHz clock
•8-16 cycles/inst.
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 27
Before That: Difference Engine
1855. Can compute any 6th degree polynomial by calculating the difference between 2D matrix elements
Speed: 33 to 44 32-digit numbers per minute!
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 28
Harvard Mark -I
• Built in 1944 in IBM Endicott laboratories–Howard Aiken – Professor of Physics at
Harvard– Essentially mechanical –Weighed 5 tons and had 750,000
components–A synchronizing clock that beat every
0.015 seconds (66Hz)– Inspired by Charles Babbage’s analytic
engine
Performance:0.3 seconds for addition6 seconds for multiplication1 minute for a sine calculationBroke down once a week!
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 29
EDSAC in 1949 (EDVAC in 1944 By V. Newmann)
EDSAC, University of Cambridge, UK, 1949
Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator by Maurice Wilkes
Source: U. Cambridge
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 30
IBM 701
30 machines sold by IBM in 1953-54
Why IBM entered so late into ..?IBM revenues were doubling every 4 to 5 years in 1940/50s. Remember, this is without computers.
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 31
Intel’s 8086
1978: Around 50 instructions
2017: Around 650 instructions
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 32
Personal Computing
[ Personal Computing Ad, 11/81]
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 33
Do You Know What It Is ?
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 34
Today: Datacenter @Google
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 35
Today: China’s Sunway Taihulight
(more than 100K cores)
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 36
And We are Smart now ☺
Source: Truthseeker, UK
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 37
Hang on !! Why All This ?
You have to understand the past to understand the present: Carl Sagan
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 38
Let’s Look at the Other (Consumer) Side
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 39
World of Programming Languages
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Look around you and think of it
CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 40
What About Application domains ?
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 41
Let’s Revisit This
Problems
Algorithms
Programming Languages/Compilers
Operating Systems
Microarchitecture (below: Circuits/electrons)
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 42
Mantra from Y. Patt [U.T. Austin]
Look Backward: Examine Old Code
Look Forward: New domains and new challenges
Look Up: Nature of Problems in the stack
Look Down: Technology (have EE friends)
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CS422: Spring 2019 Biswabandan Panda, CSE@IITK 43
Let’s Get Started Then
Assignment 0.0: Due tomorrow 8.55 AMLink: Course Web-pageOn-time submission: 0 point