![Page 1: Lecture 1: OCN400 Chemical Oceanography Prof: Jim Murray TAs: Tessa McGee Susanna Michael 1.Introduce Murray 2. Who are the Students? 3. Syllabus / Text](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f425503460f94c627d8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lecture 1: OCN400 Chemical Oceanography
Prof: Jim MurrayTAs: Tessa McGee Susanna Michael1. Introduce Murray2. Who are the Students? 3. Syllabus / Text (Emerson and Hedges)4. Course web site: http://www.ocean.washington.edu/courses/geol330/
5. Themes for course6. What do we want students to be able to do?7. How will we know what they can do?
Problem Sets (7), Paper Discussions (5), Mid-Term (1)8. Course Activities / Materials9. Greatest Challenges for Students
![Page 2: Lecture 1: OCN400 Chemical Oceanography Prof: Jim Murray TAs: Tessa McGee Susanna Michael 1.Introduce Murray 2. Who are the Students? 3. Syllabus / Text](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f425503460f94c627d8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Lecture 1: OCN400 Chemical Oceanography Prof: Jim Murray TAs: Tessa McGee Susanna Michael 1.Introduce Murray 2. Who are the Students? 3. Syllabus / Text](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f425503460f94c627d8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Four Main Themes
1.Global Carbon Cycle2.Are humans changing the chemistry of the ocean?3.What are chemical controls and tracers for biological production?4. What is the fate of organic matter made by biological production?
![Page 4: Lecture 1: OCN400 Chemical Oceanography Prof: Jim Murray TAs: Tessa McGee Susanna Michael 1.Introduce Murray 2. Who are the Students? 3. Syllabus / Text](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f425503460f94c627d8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Quantitative Tools to Master
1. Equilibrium Calculations (carbonate system, speciation, solubility, oxidation-reduction reactions)
2. Stable and Radioactive Isotopes (mass balance equations, decay equations, secular equilibrium)
3. Simple Box Model approaches and fluxes (e.g., gas exchange, primary new and export production, sedimentation)4. What controls the global systems of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and oxygen.5. Reading and Discussion of the literature
![Page 5: Lecture 1: OCN400 Chemical Oceanography Prof: Jim Murray TAs: Tessa McGee Susanna Michael 1.Introduce Murray 2. Who are the Students? 3. Syllabus / Text](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f425503460f94c627d8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Global Carbon Cycle
![Page 6: Lecture 1: OCN400 Chemical Oceanography Prof: Jim Murray TAs: Tessa McGee Susanna Michael 1.Introduce Murray 2. Who are the Students? 3. Syllabus / Text](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f425503460f94c627d8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Global Carbon Cycle
Sabine et al. (2004) SCOPE
Reservoirs and Fluxes
![Page 7: Lecture 1: OCN400 Chemical Oceanography Prof: Jim Murray TAs: Tessa McGee Susanna Michael 1.Introduce Murray 2. Who are the Students? 3. Syllabus / Text](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f425503460f94c627d8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Mauna Loa CO2 record – Started by David Keeling (SIO)
NOAA-ERL Data
Latest CO2 Reading399.00 ppmJuly, 2014
![Page 8: Lecture 1: OCN400 Chemical Oceanography Prof: Jim Murray TAs: Tessa McGee Susanna Michael 1.Introduce Murray 2. Who are the Students? 3. Syllabus / Text](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f425503460f94c627d8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Source of anthropogenic CO2
![Page 9: Lecture 1: OCN400 Chemical Oceanography Prof: Jim Murray TAs: Tessa McGee Susanna Michael 1.Introduce Murray 2. Who are the Students? 3. Syllabus / Text](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f425503460f94c627d8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Source: C. D. Keeling and T. P. Whorf; Etheridge et.al.; Barnola et.al.; (PAGES / IGBP); IPCC
(BP 1950)
Projected (2100)
Current (2001)
CO
2 C
on
ce
ntr
ati
on
(p
pm
v)
Vostok RecordLaw Dome RecordMauna Loa RecordIPCC IS92a Scenario
![Page 10: Lecture 1: OCN400 Chemical Oceanography Prof: Jim Murray TAs: Tessa McGee Susanna Michael 1.Introduce Murray 2. Who are the Students? 3. Syllabus / Text](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f425503460f94c627d8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Carbon TrackerAtmospheric CO2 from 800,000 years ago to the present
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbgUE04Y-Xg
![Page 11: Lecture 1: OCN400 Chemical Oceanography Prof: Jim Murray TAs: Tessa McGee Susanna Michael 1.Introduce Murray 2. Who are the Students? 3. Syllabus / Text](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f425503460f94c627d8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Are Humans Changing the Compositionof the Ocean?
Yes, in may ways!
Examples include:Ocean AcidificationLead and Mercury distributionsNitrate distributionsFukushima radionuclides
![Page 12: Lecture 1: OCN400 Chemical Oceanography Prof: Jim Murray TAs: Tessa McGee Susanna Michael 1.Introduce Murray 2. Who are the Students? 3. Syllabus / Text](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f425503460f94c627d8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Because the ocean mixes slowly, half of the anthropogenic CO2 stored in the oceans is found in the upper 10% of the ocean.
Sabine et al. Science (2004)
Global Anthropogenic CO2 Inventory = 118±19 Pg C
![Page 13: Lecture 1: OCN400 Chemical Oceanography Prof: Jim Murray TAs: Tessa McGee Susanna Michael 1.Introduce Murray 2. Who are the Students? 3. Syllabus / Text](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f425503460f94c627d8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Rate of Change in Inventory of anthropogenic CO2
![Page 14: Lecture 1: OCN400 Chemical Oceanography Prof: Jim Murray TAs: Tessa McGee Susanna Michael 1.Introduce Murray 2. Who are the Students? 3. Syllabus / Text](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f425503460f94c627d8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Chemistry, Biology and Circulation
![Page 15: Lecture 1: OCN400 Chemical Oceanography Prof: Jim Murray TAs: Tessa McGee Susanna Michael 1.Introduce Murray 2. Who are the Students? 3. Syllabus / Text](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f425503460f94c627d8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Nitrate concentrations High Nutrient-Low Chlorophyll
regions:
![Page 16: Lecture 1: OCN400 Chemical Oceanography Prof: Jim Murray TAs: Tessa McGee Susanna Michael 1.Introduce Murray 2. Who are the Students? 3. Syllabus / Text](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f425503460f94c627d8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Fate of Organic Matter
![Page 17: Lecture 1: OCN400 Chemical Oceanography Prof: Jim Murray TAs: Tessa McGee Susanna Michael 1.Introduce Murray 2. Who are the Students? 3. Syllabus / Text](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649f425503460f94c627d8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Source: JGOFS / IGBP
CO2
PreindustrialCO2:
maximumstrength biopump: 160 ppm
PreindustrialCO2:
Physical pumpalone: 400 ppm
Oceanic Primary Production: Sept. 97 – Aug. 98
CO2 CO2
Biological Pump Physical (solubility) Pump