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PBWN302
CEM/WEE/STE
Dr.Asmaa
Moddather
SoilMechanicsandFoundations
FacultyofEngineering CairoUniversity
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e ne: oy Naturally occuring particulate material
y orme , rect y or n rect y, rom so roc s .e.weathering)
y Composition of soil particles depends on
y The void space between the particles contain water
an or air
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pp cat ons
y EngineerusestheSOILtobuild:
. .
y Init:e.g.tunnels
y Withit;e.g.earthdams
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xamp e: r ge oun at ons
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xamp e: unne
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xamp e: art am
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ourse ut ney Introduction
y Phasediagram
y o ass cat on
y
y Stresses
y Consolidation
y ShearStrength
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PBWN302 Soi Mec anics
Fall2012
y Instructor: Dr.AsmaaModdather .
y Lectures: Tuesday10:00am 12:00am,Classroom:20103
y
Tutorials:Thursday03:00pm 06:00pm,Classroom:20507
y Textbook: Das, B.M. (2008), Introduction to GeotechnicalEngineering, Thomson Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
y Objectives: The purpose of this course is to familiarize.
on describing the nature and behavior of soils.
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PBWN302 Soi Mec anics
Fall2012
y Grading: AttendanceandClassParticipation 10%
Assignments 10%
Quizzes 20%MidtermExam 20%
FinalExam 40%
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PBWN302 Soi Mec anics
Fall2012
y Assignments:
y
ere w e approx mate y seven 7 ass gnments.y Assignments shall be handed out in the tutorial sessions.
y ss gnmen s mus e su m e n person e weefollowing end of class discussion of the topic.
y .
y No excuses shall be given for late submittals without awritten re uest and a roval.
y Quizzes: Therewillbeapproximatelyseven(7)quizzes.
y Exams: Onemidtermwillbegivenduringthesemester.
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Afinalexamwillbegiveninthescheduledfinalexamperiod.
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PBWN302 SoilMechanics
Fall2012
Web Site:
www.egypteducation.org
Course:
Soil
Mechanics
Fall2012
Home Courses CairoUniversity FacultyofEngineering
SoilMechanics
Fall
2012
Enrol.Key:
PBWN302
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e n t ons
y Soil: is any accumulation of mineral particles formed by the
weathering of rocks, the void space between the particles containing
.
y Soil Mechanics: is the branch of science dealing with the study of
the physical properties of soil and the behavior of soil masses subjectedto various t es of forces
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o ormat ony Residual soil: the products of rock weathering remain at their
original location.
y
a different location. (gravity, wind, water)
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o ormat ony Weathering bymechanicalor chemicalprocesses
y
Mechanical by contraction and expansion of rock, erosion by wind orwater: resultant soil is bulky, angular, rounded, elongated, f lat.
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o ormat ony Chemical: results in changes in the mineral form of the parent rock
due to the action of water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.
y Chemical weathering results in the formation of groups of crystalline
.
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o ormat ony Mostclaymineralparticlesareofplatelike
Dispersed Flocculated
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o o umesan e g ts e at ons pParticles(solids)
Air
Water
Solid
Phase
dia ramSoil
sam leVoids Air
(dry
soil)
water(saturatedsoil)
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Air/water(wetsoil)
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ase agram
Air
Water
Solid
Wei htsVolumes
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ase agramVs =Volumeofsolids
V
=volumeofvoids
Vw =volumeofwater
a
VT =totalvolume=Vs +Vw+ Va =Vs +Vv
Ws =weightofsolidsAir
Ww =weightofwater
Wa =weightofair=0
Water
W =totalwei ht=W+W
Solid
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e g tsVolumes
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ase agramw =Densityofwater=1.0t/m
3=1.0gm/cm3 =10.0kN/m3
w w w
Ww =wVw
s =Densityofsolids=Ws/Vs =2.5 2.8t/m3
s= = s w
Air
s =s s= sw s
Water
ex., s =2.70 m
Gs =2.70/1.0=2.70
o
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ex., s =26.5kN/m3
Gs =26.5/10.0=2.65
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ase agramRatios:
e =void
ratio
=
Coulde beequaltozero? No
Coulde be
e ual
to
1.0?
Yes
Air
Coulde begreaterthan1.0? Yesater
S=degree
of
saturation
=
o
CouldS beequaltozero? Yes
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Cou
S eequa
to
1.0?
es
CouldS begreaterthan1.0? No
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ase agramRatios:
n=porosity=
Couldn be
equal
to
zero?
No Air
Couldn beequalto1.0? No
Couldn be reaterthan1.0? NoWater
= =Solid
Couldwbeequaltozero? Yes
WeightsVolumes
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.
Couldwbegreaterthan1.0?Yes
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ase agramAir
Densities:
Water
d =dry
unit
weight
=
Solid
wet =
wet
(bulk)
unit
weight
=
=
e g so umes
wsWW +
T
sat =saturate unitweig t=T
vws
V
sub =submergedunitweight=sat w
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Howtomeasuresoilwatercontent?
1. Getthetotalwei htofsoilsam le=W
2. Ovendry
the
sample,
then
weigh
=Ws
. Calculate: sTwWWW
w
==
ss
1. Submergingthesampleincontainerfullofmercury.Measureweightofdisplacedmercury(Wmercur ). VT =Wmercur /mercur
2. Coverthesamplewithwax,thensubmergeitincontainerfullofwater.Measureweightofdisplacedwater(Ww). VT +Vwax =Ww/w.Then eelthewax,and etW ,andcalculateV =W / .Thus et
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VT.
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. , s, .
AssumeWs =1
1w
s
w
W
W
Ww ==
Air
w/wS
Water ww/ws
s
s
V=
s
s
sV
=
Solid 11/Gswws
=
wssG =
sW
V1
==
WeightsVolumes
w
w
wWV ==
wsws
s
GG
w
w
W=
ww
w
wV
S =w
v
wVV == Cangete,n,d
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v w
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. , s, . , , dAssumeVs =1
1v
s
v
V
V
V
e ==Air
e
Water weSeSeSSVV vw ==v
w
V
VS =
Solid Gsw1eSVW
wwww ==
GVW ==
WeightsVolumesCan
get
w,
n,
d
Dr.Asmaa Moddather PBWN302 Fall2012