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Centre for Information and Communications Technology
ICT 317 : ICT Sustainability
Week 3 Collaboration for Green IT
Lamb, J. 2009, The Greening of IT: How Companies Can Make a
Difference for the Environment, IBM Press
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3 March 2014
Green IT
Lamb, J. 2009, The Greening of IT: How Companies
Can Make a Difference for the Environment, IBM Press
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Collaboration
To meet the challenge for effective green IT
Between:
IT technology vendors, data center design
businesses, infrastructure technology providers,energy utilities, and governments
Aim is to understand why collaboration is important and
how to make this collaboration happen
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IT Technology Vendors
Between big tech giants
This collaboration should result in a better range of energy-efficientproducts (hardware and software)
are collaborating by discussing what works and what does not
Examples:
HP, IBM, and Sun are sitting at the same table to work out greenstandards with The Green Grid
Department of Energy (DOE) laboratories such as Lawrence Berkeley
National Labs and Pacific Northwest National Labs are cooperating in
development of research and best practices for green IT.
Government agencies like the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
are leading the effort to standardize metrics to measure energy
consumption
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IT Technology Vendors
IBM Contribution:
energy-management software, energy certificates program, and
an energy benchmark
For energy measurement: Active Energy Manager software to
measure power usage of key elements of the data center, fromIT systems to chilling and air-conditioning units.
Project Big Green helped more than 2,000 clients implement
green initiatives that have helped to reduce cost and
environmental impact.
recycled more than one billion pounds of IT equipment removedfrom clients data centers
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Data Center Design and Build
Businesses
The Green Grid (http://www.thegreengrid.org/)
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air
Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
(http://www.ashrae.org/)
The Uptime Institute is a consortium of data center
operators (http://uptimeinstitute.org/
)
Association for Computer Operations Management
(AFCOM) (http://www.afcom.com/)
Alliance to Save Energy (ASE) (http://www.ase.org/)
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http://www.thegreengrid.org/http://www.ashrae.org/http://uptimeinstitute.org/http://www.afcom.com/http://www.ase.org/http://www.ase.org/http://www.ase.org/http://www.ase.org/http://www.afcom.com/http://www.afcom.com/http://www.afcom.com/http://uptimeinstitute.org/http://uptimeinstitute.org/http://uptimeinstitute.org/http://www.ashrae.org/http://www.ashrae.org/http://www.thegreengrid.org/http://www.thegreengrid.org/ -
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The Green Grid
founded in 2007
primary mission: to further data center energy-efficiency initiatives
Members:
IT equipment and component manufacturers
manufacturers of facility support equipment
data center operators and designers drive the development of
metrics that provide a meaningful measure of data center energy
utilization and performance,
standard protocols to facilitate collection, sharing, and reporting
of power and thermal data from IT and facilities equipment, and
design and operating strategies that promote optimal data center
energy use.
published a collection of white papers on data center metrics and
data management. .3 March 2014
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ASHRAE
publishes a set of documents and manuals that provide
data centers with
cooling strategies that optimize cooling delivery,
data center temperature, and humidity profiles,
maximize the cooling delivered per unit of energy
applied
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The Uptime Institute
focuses on tools and strategies to maintain the
serviceability and reliability of data centers
sets various data center performance levels through the
tier system, which dictates equipment redundancy and
data center environment criteria to maintain a specified
level of system availability
Uptime has been adding energy optimization, as well as
other critical criteria for data center operation and
reliability, which needs to be factored in when
considering data center reliability and availability.
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AFCOM
involved in data center and energy-efficiency activities
provides education and resources for data center
managers
It devotes a portion of its efforts to assisting data center
managers to identify energy-efficiency activities
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Alliance to Save Energy
associated with energy-efficiency activities
mission:
promotes energy efficiency worldwide to achieve a
healthier economy, a cleaner environment, andgreater energy security
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Collaboration of Building Energy Management and ITEnergy Management:
Building automation systems (BAS) and Energy
management systems (EMS) IT departments operate in an environment
surrounded by sophisticated data acquisition,
analyses, and networking systems of which IT itself is
largely unaware
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A third of U.S. energy consumption comes fromcommercial buildings
Businesses are automating those buildings to reduce
costs and emissions
Will IT lead, or follow, the coming change? IT can have a green impact on a companys energy and
emissions:
start with the data center;
manage desktop energy use;
enable mobility
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Building automation systems
brains of commercial and industrial buildings that control
their own environments
mainly, lighting and temperature controls
Benefits: energy savings, improved occupant comfort, added
security and safety, and reduced maintenance costs
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Energy management systems
Central control of lighting, heating, ventilating, and air conditioningwith the goal of reducing the energy consumption
Almost every campus (corporate, medical, or academic) has an
EMS
Manufacturers have adopted automation for efficiency for industrial
systems Next:
how the EMS and IT worlds should converge?
The concepts center around removing the long-standing wall
between building networks and IT (tenant) networks
Other systems common in most buildings
For security, air quality, and life safety
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Energy management systems
Information is the fourth utility after electricity, gas, and water
Cisco has proposed moving EMS to the IP network, not only for
efficiency, but also for the information synergies involved
Business information has a strategic and tactical value, and
information about the buildings performance is no different.
Protocols: Building systems operate on largely special-purpose open
systems (such as BACnet or LonWorks), and a few proprietary
systems remain popular.
both types of systems can talk to the IP network through
gateways Within the last few years, the building-control industry has
discovered XML. Middleware applications gather information and
normalize it for consumption by ERP, accounting, and other
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Collaborating with Energy Utilities
Electric utilities provide incentives for their customers to move togreen IT
For example, the Pacific Gas and Electric Co. (PG&E) has
worked with several IT vendors to consolidate its servers, and
the company has developed new ways to measure and reduce
heat in data centers. They announced this initiative at a conference, where companies
such as American Power Conversion Corp. (APC), Eaton Corp.,
General Electric Consumer & Industrial, IBM, and others
gathered to discuss green computing and power-saving
initiatives. PG&E teamed with IBM Research to develop a tool to measure
the three-dimensional temperature distributions in its data
centers
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Pacific Gas and Electric Company
business tools offered by Pacific Gas and ElectricCompany
Energy Usage
Billing History
Rate Comparison Tools Energy Outage and Restoration Status
Billing Details
Account Aggregation
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Collaborating with Government Agencies
EPA
US EPA ENERGY STAR data center rating system:
ENERGY STAR building program
data center rating system variation of the PUE (Power Usage Efficiency)
the rating system consider the percent of equipment
that utilizes virtualization technology and power
management and measuring technology began soliciting data centers to test the rating system.
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Collaborating with Government Agencies
EU Code of Conduct for data centers: published in 2008
publication to help improve energy efficiency in data
centers
Other geographies: Australia is beginning to talk about
initiating a data center energy-efficiency effort and has
contacted IBM representatives about participating in
such a program.
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Collaboration Within Your Own Company
The Uptime Institute recommended five issues for both short- andlong-term energy savings for data center:
Server consolidation, configuration, virtualisation
Enabling power-save features on servers
Turning off dead servers (no longer in use but running)
Pruning bloat ware (the application efficiency issue)
Improving the site infrastructure energy-efficiency ratio
By this, data centers can improve energy savings by 25 percent to 50
percent over a two-year period
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Collaboration Within Your Own Company
The Uptime Institute has developed a multifunctional teammethodology known as Integrated Critical Environment (ICE)
A tried-and-true method
send an e-mail to all users announcing server shutdown for
maintenance for a 24-hour period Active server users rebel instantly with reasons why their servers
cant be shut down
If no angry responses result, shut them off indefinitely and then
disconnect the servers
This frees up space, energy, and manpower
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Collaboration and Carbon Trading
Governments usually have the role of regulating carbon emissionsthrough systems such as cap and trade.
In a cap and trade system:
the regulatory body sets a limit or cap on the amount of pollutant
a company can emit.
Companies are issued emission permits (the right to emit aspecific amount)
The total of allowances and credits cannot exceed the cap (the
total emissions).
Companies that need to increase emissions can buy credits from
companies that pollute less.
A purchase of credits is the trade
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Summary and Conclusions
IT vendors have started to offer a significant set of integratedhardware, software, and services offerings to help customers
improve their energy-management initiatives.
Industry organizations are establishing efficiency metrics at the
server and data center level to integrate facilities and IT resources.
The EPA is establishing efficiency metrics at the server level as anextension to its ENERGY STAR workstation metrics.
Many IT companies are addressing the situation from end to end: at
the servers end through power management features, and at the
data centers end through integrated IT/facilities modular solutions.
The required collaboration for green IT is a part of the overall globalcollaboration required to solve the climate crisis
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