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PERCEPTION
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Definition,Nature, importance
Factors influencing perception
Perceptual processPerceptual organization
Perceptual errors
Ref : OB, S.P.Robbins
OB,Text & cases, Suja R.Nair
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Opening case :
Swiss hiring Indians angers swiss staff:
Switzerlands national carrier Swiss planned to layoff swiss
workers and replace them with flight attendants from India
and Thailand, This resulted in loud protests by the trade
unions saying that Swiss cannot hire others at the cost of
domestic workers. The Swiss management was underpressure to cut costs and started hiring India based flight
attendants who were paid salaries & perks in keeping with
Indian standards. This made Swiss flight attendants
redundant. Trade unions protested that a public enterprise
cannot chop 100 cabin crew jobs and give the same toIndia and Thailand. Switzerland had become a major
tourist destination forIndians and they preferred to fly with
Swiss. Indians were spending second most next to
Americans. This being the state, Swiss authorities were
courting moreIndian tourists and bollywood moviemakerswith special facilities.
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What Is Perception, and Why Is It Important?
What Is Perception, and Why Is It Important?
Peoples behavior isPeoples behavior is
based on theirbased on their
perception of whatperception of what
reality is, not onreality is, not on
reality itself.reality itself.
The world as it isThe world as it is
perceived is the worldperceived is the worldthat is behaviorallythat is behaviorally
important.important.
Perception
A process by which individualsorganize and interpret theirsensory impressions in order togive meaning to their
environment.
- S.P .Robbins
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Story:
Three workers were breaking rocks at the
construction site of a huge temple. When
asked, what are you doing?, one of them
answered, Dont you see Im just breakingrocks? The other one said, I am working for
Rs.30 a day whereas the third man replied, Im
proud of the fact that Im helping to build this
huge temple!
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Nature of perception:
is a complex cognitive process
information is selected, cognitively
organises the perceived information in aspecific fashion, and then interpreted.
is a subjective process.
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Importance of perception:
helps in understanding the difference between the perceptual world and
the real world.
Individuals have different degrees of readiness to respond to objects,
people, and events.
Perception is what helps individuals to use the knowledge they have in an
entirely different situation from that in which they learned it. Ex. Uses ofknife.
A universal managerial assumption that subordinates always want
promotion eventhough in fact, many subordinates really feel
psychologically compelled to accept a promotion.
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Factors influencing perception
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Process of perception:
Perceptual inputs
Stimuli
Perceptual
mechanism
Receiving Selecting
Interpreting Organising
Perceptual
output
Actions
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TURN
OFF THE
THE ENGINE
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Perceptual Organisation
Process by which people group
environmental stimuli into recognizable
pattern
Forms of perceptual organisation:
1. Figure ground principle
2. Perceptual grouping
3. Perceptual constancy
4. Perceptual context
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1. Figure- ground principle: perceived objects isviewed as separate from the background
Figure is viewed in contrast to the background
Positioning of the object
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Contrast
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Perceptual constancy: (higher form of
perceptual organisation)Attributing some constant and repeatable characteristics to events and
people and objects. Irrespective of the information received by the senses,the size ,color& the characteristics of the object remains constant. learning
plays a very important role.
Ex. Apple in different colors and context
A newspaper print of a photo of 3 x 5 inches