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Lecture: 9 Elastic Optical Networks
Ajmal Muhammad, Robert ForchheimerInformation Coding Group
ISY Department
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Outline
Motivation Elastic Optical Networking
Flexible spectrum grid, tunable transceiver, flexible OXC Flexible Optical Nodes Routing and Spectrum Assignment Problem
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Research Motivation
Emerging applications with a range of transport requirement
Future applications with unknown requirements
Flexible and efficient optical networks to support existing, emerging and future applications
Courtesy: High performance networklab., Bristol
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High-speed data 400G, 1Tb/s
Media
Applications with Diverse Requirements
Courtesy: High performance networklab., Bristol
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Evolution of Transmission Capacity
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Spectral Efficiency (SE) ImprovementFixed optical amplifier bandwidth (~ 5 THz)
Per fiber capacity increase has been accomplished through boosting SE (bit rate, wavelength, symbol per bit, state of polarization)
Bit loading higher than that for DP-QPSK causes rapid increase in SNR penalty, and results in shorter optical reachSE improvement is slowing down, meaning higher rate data need more spectrum
0.01
0.1
1
0 100 200 300 400 5000.01
0.1
10
Bit rate per channel (Gb/s)
Rel
ativ
e op
tical
rea
ch w
ith
cons
tant
ene
rgy
per
bit
Spe
ctra
l effi
cien
cy (
b/s/
Hz)
DP-QPSK
DP-16QAM
DP-64QAM
DP-256QAM
DP-1024QAM
QPSKBPSK
600
@25 Gbaud
Optical amplifier bandwidth (~ 5 THz)
TDM
WDM
Multiplexing technology evolutionPDM
Multi-level mod.
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Current Optical Networks :: Inflexible
Super-wavelength
Courtesy: High performance networklab., Bristol
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Current Solution for Bandwidth-Intensive Applications
Optical virtual concatenation (OVC) for high capacity end-to-end connection (super-wavelength)
Demultiplex the demand to smaller ones such as 100 or 40 Gb/s, which can still fit in the fixed grid (Inverse multiplexing)
Several wavelengths are grouped and allocated end-to-end according to the application bandwidth requirements
Grouping occurs at the client layer without really affecting the network
Connection over several wavelengths is not switched as a single entity in network nodes
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Elastic Optical Networking
The term elastic refers to three key properties:
The optical spectrum can be divided up flexibly
Courtesy: Ori Gerstel, IEEE Comm. Mag. 2012
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Elastic Transceivers
The transceivers can generate elastic optical paths (EOPs); that is path with variable bit rates
Tunable transceiver Courtesy: Steven Gringeri, IEEE Comm. Mag. 2013
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Flexible Switching
EONs
WDM NetworksBandwidth Variable
The optical nodes (cross-connect) need to support a wide range of switching (i.e., varying from sub-wavelength to super-wavelength)
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Drivers for Developing the EONs
Support for 400 Gb/s, 1Tb/s and other high bit rate demands
Disparate bandwidth needs: properly size the spectrum for each demand based on its bit rate & the transmission distance
Tighter channel spacing: freeing up spectrum for other demands
Reach vs. spectral efficiency trade-off: bandwidth variable transmitter can adjust to a modulation format occupying less optical spectrum for short EOP and still perform error-free due to the reduced impairments
Dynamic networking: the optical layer can now response directly to variable bandwidth demands from the client layers
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Elastic Optical Path Network:: Example
Elastic channelspacing
250 km 250 km
400 Gb/s 200 Gb/s 400 Gb/s100 Gb/s 100 Gb/s
1,000 km 1,000 km 1,000 km
Fixed format, grid
Adaptive modulation
QPSKQPSK200 Gb/s QPSK 16QAM 16QAM
Path length
Bit rate
Conventional design
Elastic optical path network
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Outline
Motivation Elastic Optical Networking
Flexible spectrum grid, tunable transceiver, flexible OXC Flexible Optical Nodes Routing and Spectrum Assignment Problem
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Common Building Blocks for Flexible OXCs
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Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer (ROADM)
Add channels Drop channels
Optical splitter
Wavelength selective switch
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Multi-Granular Optical Switching
FXC: Fiber switch
BXC: Waveband switch
WXC: Wavelength switch
BTF: Band to Fiber
Add channels Drop channels
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Architecture on Demand (AoD)
Optical backplane cross-connections for AoD OXCs
MEMS switch is used to interconnected all theInput-output ports and switching devices
Courtesy: High performance networklab., Bristol
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AoD Node
Aimed to develop an optical node that can adapt its architecture according to the traffic profile and support elastic allocation of resources
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Flexible OXC Configuration
Backplane implemented with 96x96 3D-MEMS
Flexibility to implement and test several switch architectures on-the-fly
Switching time 20ms
Courtesy: High performance networklab., Bristol
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Outline
Motivation Elastic Optical Networking
Flexible spectrum grid, tunable transceiver, flexible OXC Flexible Optical Nodes Routing and Spectrum Assignment Problem
![Page 22: Lecture: 9 Elastic Optical Networks Ajmal Muhammad, Robert Forchheimer Information Coding Group ISY Department](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042821/56649d1f5503460f949f2917/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Routing and Spectrum Assignment (RSA)
Spectrum variable (non-constant)connections, in contrast to standardWDM
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Planning Elastic/Flexgrid Networks
Input: Network topology, traffic matrix, physical layer models
Output: Routes and spectrum allocation RSA(RMLSA include also the modulation-level used – 2 flexibility degree: modulation and spectrum)
Minimize utilized spectrum and/or number of transponders, and/or… Satisfy physical layer constraints
23
0 1 2 1 0 1
1 0 1 1 0 1
0 1 0 1 1 1
1 0 1 0 2 0
2 1 0 1 0 1
0 2 1 1 1 0
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Examples
RMLSA RSA
Courtesy: Ori Gerstel, IEEE Comm. Mag. 2012
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Cost-Efficient Elastic Networks Planning Using AoD Nodes
Conventional ROADMs AoD ROADMs
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