Download - LES HADRONS POUR LA SANTE
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LES HADRONS POUR LA SANTELES HADRONS POUR LA SANTE''
Ugo Amaldi
Università di Milano Bicocca e Fondazione TERA
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Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
(1845 – 1923)
1895
Discovery of X-rays
The starting pointThe starting point
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CT
Computer Tomography
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Linac for the therapy with X-raysLinac for the therapy with X-rays
Multileaf collimator
3 GHz Electron linac
270 bending magnet
e- X target
Flattening filters
Ion chambers
target
Maximum field size40 40 cm2
Maximum dose rate: ~ 5 Gy/min
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LINAC, multileaf collimator and TPSLINAC, multileaf collimator and TPS
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1930
Ernest Lawrence invents the cyclotron
M. S. Livingston e E. Lawrence
With the 25 inch cyclotron
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1975
450 GeV protons
SPS at CERN
1981- SPS is transformed in a proton-antiproton collider
Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer
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gluon
Main results of 30 years of research (1950-1980)
Quarks are the constituents of atoms together with electrons
They are bound by gluons to form
HADRONS
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Hadrons penetrating in matterHadrons penetrating in matter
4500 MeV CARBON
(PSI – Villigen)
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Comparison of X rays (IMRT) with protonsComparison of X rays (IMRT) with protons
Between eyes
In the abdomen
In the brain
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RBE=Radiobiological RBE=Radiobiological EffectivenessEffectiveness
Carbon ions are effective on “radio-resistant” tumours
In a cell a carbon ion leaves 23 times more energy than a proton
The ‘quality’ of the deposited energy
is different
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Number of potential patientsNumber of potential patients
Therapy with X-rays (5 – 20 MeV)
20'000 patients/year in 10 million inhabitants
Protontherapy
Category A: 1% of X-ray patients = 200 patients/year in 10 M
Category B: 10% of X-ray patients = 2'000 patients/year in 10 M
Therapy with carbon ions of radioresistant tumours
10% of X-ray patients = 2'000 patients/year in 10 M
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Hadrontherapy in the worldHadrontherapy in the world
M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston (TX) (2004)
protons ( 235 MeV) from cyclotron3 gantries + 1 fixed beam + 1 experimental
Midwest Proton Radiaton InstituteBloomington (IN) (2003)
protons ( 210 MeV) from cyclotron1 gantry + 1 fixed beam + 1 experimental
LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY CENTER
Los Angeles (1992)protons ( 250 MeV) from synchrotron
3 gantries + 2 fixed beams
NORTHEAST PROTON THERAPY CENTER
NPTC of Mas General HospitalBoston (2001)
protons ( 235 MeV) cyclotron (IBA)
2 gantries + 2 fixed beams
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Hadrontherapy in the worldHadrontherapy in the world
KASHIWA CENTERChiba (1998)
protons ( 235 MeV)cyclotron (IBA – SHI)
2 Gantries + 1 hor. beam
HYOGO MED CENTREHyogo (2001)
protons ( 230 MeV) - He and C ions ( 320 MeV/u) Mitsubishi synchrotron
2 p gantries + 2 fixed p beam + 2 ion rooms
TSUKUBA CENTREIbaraki (2001)
protons ( 270 MeV) synchrotron (Hitachi)
2 gantries2 beam for research
WAKASA BAY PROJECTby Wakasa-Bay Energy Research Center
Fukui (2002)protons ( 200 MeV) synchrotron (Hitachi)
1 h beam + 1 v beam + 1 gantry
SHIZUOKA FACILITYShizuoka (2002)
protons cyclotron or synchrotron2 gantries + 1 h beam
HEAVY ION MEDICAL ACCELERATOR
HIMAC of NIRS (1995)He and C ( 430 MeV/u) 2 synchrotrons
2 h beams + 2 v beams
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Hadrontherapy in the worldHadrontherapy in the world
“Hospital-based” centres of protontherapy three in USA
two in China
one in Korea
one in Germany
one in Switzerland
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Swiss Centre at PSI - VilligenSwiss Centre at PSI - Villigen
PSI VilligenOptis – eye tratment: 3800 patients
PSI “gantry”: 150 patients
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PSI: PROSCANPSI: PROSCAN
Superconducting cyclotron of ACCEL (Germany)
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European projects with carbon ionsEuropean projects with carbon ions
GSI – DarmstadtPilot project 200 patients
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HICAT - HeidelbergHICAT - Heidelberg
72,5 Meuro
Ready in 2006
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Proton Ion Medical Machine Study
PIMMS at CERN 1996-2000
A linac IH (GSI) in the ring
Compact lines
Gantries in phase 2
-
TERA PROJECT
PIMMS
(Proton Ion Medical Machine Study)
CERN – TERA – Med-Austron
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SiteSite
CNAO FoundationCNAO Foundation::
Policlinici di Milano e Pavia, Istituto Neurologico Besta, Istituto Policlinici di Milano e Pavia, Istituto Neurologico Besta, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Istituto dei Tumori, TERA Europeo di Oncologia, Istituto dei Tumori, TERA
TOTAL: 40,3 MeuroTOTAL: 40,3 Meuro
Ready in fall 2007Ready in fall 2007
Announced by Italian
Government on 20.1.03
Pavia
Close to the University
Hospital San Matteo
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Pavia Centre
CNAO Foundation
5
4
3
2
1
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CNA = Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia for p and CNA = Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia for p and 1212CC
Phase 1
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MagnetsMagnets
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Prototipo di quadrupoloPrototipo di quadrupolo
In collaborazione
con i Laboratori
di Frascati dell’INFN
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General planGeneral plan
Parking lotParking lot
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STUDIO CALVI s.r.l. Ingegneria e Architettura, Aprile 2003STUDIO CALVI s.r.l. Ingegneria e Architettura, Aprile 2003
Entrata principale ed edificio del sincrotroneEntrata principale ed edificio del sincrotrone
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ENLIGHTENLIGHTEUROPEAN NETWORK
ESTRO, EORTC, CERN, GSICentre of HeidelbergCentre of PaviaCentre of Wiener-NeustadtCentre of LyonCentre of Stockholm
European
Network
for LIGHt-ion
Therapy
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2006-2007
Europa: due centri ospedalieri di adroterapia con ioni carbonio
1896-1897
Europa: primi usi dei raggi X in terapia
Heidelberg
Pavia