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NS100
Deck Equipment and
Marlinespike Seamanship
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Marlinespike Seamanship
Cleat- Consists of a double-ended
pair of horns, used for securing a line
or wire.
Bitts- Pairs of heavy vertical
cylinders, used for making fast lines
led through chocks.
Bollard- Strong cylindrical upright
on a pier, about which a mooring line
is placed.
Ground Tackle and Mooring Equipment
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Ground Tackle and Mooring Equipment
Chock- Heavy fitting with smooth surfaces
through which mooring lines are led.
Roller
Open
Closed
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Padeye - A metal plate with an eye,
attached to the deck to distribute a load
over a large area.
Lifelines- Lines erected around the edgesof decks, referred to as follows:
Top-Lifeline
Middle - Housing lineBottom - Foot rope
Snaking -Netting rigged
between foot rope and deck.
Ground Tackle and Mooring Equipment
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Capstan - Separate vertical machinery units or partof the anchor windlass around which lines are
passed, commonly used in mooring and anchoring
evolutions.
Ground Tackle and Mooring Equipment
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Camel - A large float or raft
used as a fender.
Rat guards- Shields secured
around mooring lines to preventrats from coming board ships.
Ground Tackle and Mooring Equipment
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Dip the EyeWhen two bights are placed on the same bollard, the
second one is led up through the first before being put over
the bollard. This allows either to be cast off without
moving the other.
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Chafing gear- Canvas or other
material placed around mooring
lines to prevent wear.
Fenders- Material designed to
absorb the shock of contact
between two ships or a ship and a
pier.
Ground Tackle and Mooring Equipment
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Boatswains chair- Used for sending
one person over the side.
Jacobs ladder- Rope ladder w/rungs
rigged over the side for temporary use
Boat boom- Spar swung out from the
side of the ship, permits small boats to
ride safely alongside while at anchor.
Ground Tackle and Mooring Equipment
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Pilots ladder - Flexible portable ladder,usually constructed of metal, sturdier than
a Jacobs ladder.
Sea ladder- Rigid, portable ladder
that maybe rigged to the side of the
ship.
Accommodation ladder- Rigid, inclined
ladder rigged to the side of the ship to
allow boarding of a moored or anchored
ship.
Ground Tackle and Mooring Equipment
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Mooring Lines
Mooring lines are the lines used to secure the
ship to a wharf, pier or another ship.
Definition of lines:Breast lines- Run at right angles from the ship,control distance of ship from pierAft spring lines- Tend aft from ship, control
forward movement.Forward spring lines- Tend forward from theship, control aft movement
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Mooring Lines
Numbering of lines:#1 - Bow line
#2 - Aft bow spring line
#3 - Forward bow spring line#4 - Aft quarter spring line
#5 - Forward quarter spring line
#6 - Stern line
1 3 4 5 62
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Mooring Lines
DO NOT MIX MOORING LINE
Never mix lines of different constructions
or material . Each type of rope exhibitsdifferent elongation characteristics and
mixing will result in an unequal load
sharing
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Marlinespike Seamanship
Marlinespike seamanshipis the art of
- handling
- maintaining
- working
with line or rope, including every variety of
- knotting - splicing - lashing.
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Rope and LineFiber rope- Commonly called line, it is
fashioned from natural or synthetic fibers.Measured by circumference
Types of construction:
-Twisted - Braided - Plaited
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Rope and Line(classification and construction, contd)
Types of fiber rope:Natural: Synthetic: Aramid:
-manila - nylon - 4 strands kevlar
-cotton - polyester- hemp - polypropylene
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Rope and Line(classification and construction, contd)
Wire rope- basic unit of construction is the
metal wire.
-Measured by diameter.
- Construction: individual wires are laid
together to form strands, and strands are laidtogether to form the wire rope.
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Rope and Line(classification and construction, contd)
Wire rope Designated by
- number of strands per rope, and
- number of wires per strand.
- example: 6 x 19
6strands per rope
19wires per strand
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Wire Rope (contd) -
- large number of small wires produces
high flexibility but low abrasion resistance.
- a small number of large wires wouldstiffer, but more resistant to abrasion.
Cores -
- single wire strand adds strength
- fiber adds flexibility.
Rope and Line(classification and construction, contd)
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Natural vs Synthetic
Important differences :
- Synthetic fiber lines slip more easily.
- Synthetic line has higher breakingstrength.
- Synthetic line has poor knot-holdingcharacteristics.
- Synthetic lines stretch under load.
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Synthetic Line Construction
3-strand double-braided plaitedBreaking Low High Medium
strength
Abrasion Best Low Mediumresistance
Relative High Low Highest
stretch
Cost Low High Medium
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Synthetic Line Materials
Nylon Polypropylene PolyesterBreaking High Low Medium
strength
Abrasion Best Poor Goodresistance
Relative High Medium Least
stretch
Cost Medium Low High
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Small Stuff
Line or rope less than 1 3/4 inches in circumference.Identified by the number of yarns (threads) it contains, rather
than its size.
Marline- Two-strand, tarred hemp, used for serving a line.(Serving a line means to wrap it with marline to protect it
from weather or to make it look neater. Most commonly
used on natural fiber lines)
Houseline- Three-strand, left laid tarred hemp for light
seizing, light rigging, and work exposed to weather.
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MONKEY LINES
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Seizing stuff- Very small, used for
fancier jobs that marline can accomplish.Ratline stuff- Dark brown and coarse, it
is primarily used for snaking - nettings
used to prevent personnel from washingoverboard.
Tattletale- Small, natural line spaced into
a synthetic fiber line to provide an
indication of the working load placed on
the line.
Small Stuff
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Small Stuff
Tattletale(contd) - the tattletale for a three-strand,twisted nylon line consists of a 40-inch natural
fiber line spliced between two points 30 inches
apart. The tattletale become taut when the line isstretched 33% or more.
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Marlinespike Seamanship Terms
Hawser- Heavy line over five inches incircumference. Used for towing or mooring.
Bight- A loop of line or chain.
Bitter End- Free end of a length of line, wirechain or cable.
Eye - Closed loop in the end of a line.
Marlinspike - Tapered steel tool used insplicing wire.
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Marlinespike Seamanship Terms
Fid- Tapered wood tool used in splicing lines.
Coil- Lay down a line in circular turns ontop of one another.
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Marlinespike Seamanship Terms
Flemish: Coil a line flat on
deck
Fake down: Lay out a line inlong, flat bights.
Heaving line: Light weighted
line thrown across to a pier or
ship when coming alongside to
act as a messenger.
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Marlinespike Seamanship Terms
Monkey fist - Knot at the end of a heaving
line to provide weight.
Rat-tailed Stopper- Line designed to take thestrain of a working line while shifting theline about bitts or cleats.
Mousing- Light line across a hook to prevent
a sling from slipping off or a pin from
backing out.
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Review Questions
1. What type of line are lines 1 and 6?
2. What type of motion is controlled by lines 2
and 4?3. What is the difference between spring linesand breast lines?
4. What are the three types of chocks?
5. What does chaffing gear prevent?
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Review Questions
6. What is marlinspike seamanship?
7. What is rope?
8. What is line?
9. How are fiber and wire rope measureddifferently?
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Review Questions
10. What advantage does synthetic line have
over natural? What are the disadvantages?
11. What is the purpose of a splice?