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Levels of Classification
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Classifying Life • Classifications – grouping of organisms using similar characteristics
• Taxonomy – study of how organisms are classified
• Carl Linnaeus – created the system of naming organisms called binominal nomenclature
• Binominal nomenclature – two part naming system for organisms also called scientific name – Genus and species
• Genus – the second most specific level of classification
• Species – most specific level - group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and their offspring can also mate
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Classification of Living Things:Eight Levels of Classification
1 - Domain:
• Most general level of classification
• There are three domains – Bacteria, Eukaryotes, Archaea
• Bacteria are prokaryotes, which are single celled organisms that lack a nucleus.
• Eukaryotes are single-celled or multi-celled organism with a nucleus and other organelles in their cells.
• Archaea are prokaryotes often found in very harsh environments such as hot springs and very salty water.
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• The four kingdoms of Eukarya are Protista , Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia
• Archaea and bacteria have different kingdoms
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There are four Kingdoms under Domain Eukarya
Protista• Extremely diverse• Autotrophs and heterotrophs in the
Protista kingdom• Most unicellular • some multicellular
Fungi• Heterotrophs• Athletes foot – eat skin cells• Most are multicellular • Some unicellular
• Plantae• Autotrophs• Photosynthesis• Cell walls • Multicellular
• Animalia • Heterotrophs• Most multicellular
• Autotroph = make food• Heterotroph = eat food
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Phylum: • Placed into phylum by generalization of
body plan
• certain morphological or developmental similarities
• Examples
• Cnidaria – jellyfish
• Mollusca – clams, snails
• Chordata – lions, turtle , eagle
• Coniferophyta – pines, firs
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Class• further divides organisms of a
phylum
• organisms of a class have even more in common than those in an entire phylum
• Examples include Mammalia, Reptilia, Aves
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Order and Family • Order:
• subdivision of a Class• Some orders are group by what animal eats• Some orders are grouped by how a plant flowers
• Example: carnivore , Asterales
• Family• Orders are divided into families. • share so much in common, organisms of a family are said to be
related to each other. • Humans are in the Hominidae Family.
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Genus and Species
• Genus• describes the generic name for an organism• very specific so there are fewer organisms within each one• There are a lot of different genera among both animals and
plants
• Species• Is as specific as you can get• It is the lowest and most strict level of classification• The main criterion for an organism to be placed in a particular
species is the ability to breed with other organisms of that same species
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Writing Scientific Name
• The genus is used to determine the first part of its two-part name.
• The species of an organism determines the second part of its two-part name.
• How to write genus and specis
• The genus has to be capitalized
• The species has to be lower cased
• If typed must all be italicized (slant)
• If written must be underlined
Ara ararauna