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Life Sciences: Activity Report from the Radioactivity Department at PTB
K. Kossert
Department 6.1 „Radioactivity“
ICRM Life Sciences Working Group Meeting @ NPL, November 2008
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt
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Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltK. Kossert
• Past
• Present
• Future
Overview
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Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltK. Kossert
Past
Calibrations of radionuclides for nuclear medicine in 2007/2008:
Examples: F-18, P-32, Cr-51, Co-57, Ga-67, Rb-81, Y-86, Sr-89, Tc-99m, Y-90, Ru-106/Rh-106, In-111, I-123, I-124, I-125, I-131, Sm-153, Lu-177, Re-186, Re-188, Tl-201, Tl-204, …
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Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltK. Kossert
PastPublications:
Schrader, Klein, Kossert: Activity standardization of 18F and ionization chamber calibration for nuclear medicine. ARI 65 (2007), 581-592.
Kossert, Thieme: Compar ison for quality assurance of 99mTc activity measurements with radionuclide calibrators. ARI 65 (2007), 866-871.
Schrader, Kossert, Mintcheva: Calibration of a radionuclide calibrator system as a Bulgar ian standard for activity. ARI 66 (2008) 965-971.
Oropesa Verdecia, Kossert: Activity Standardization of 131I at CENTIS-DMR and PTB within the scope of a bilateral compar ison. ARI. Submitted.
In addition: Papers on improvements of LSC methods and Technical Reports on SIR
comparisions (e.g. 186Re, 201Tl)
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Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltK. Kossert
Possibilities to reach the patient
Application in nuclear medicine
PTB
DKD
Manufacturer
• Activity standards• Calibrations at PTB• Comparisons
• Activity standards• Determination of calibration factors
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Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltK. Kossert
Activity measurements
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Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltK. Kossert
4πβ-γ councidence counting
Nβ = A. εβ
Nγ = A . εγ
Nc = A . εβ . εγ
A = Nβ. Nγ / Nc
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Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltK. Kossert
Liquid scintillation counting
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Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltK. Kossert
TDCR
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Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltK. Kossert
Calibration of ionization chambers
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Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltK. Kossert
Ionization chambers
Activity: A = kN CgeommRa-226 RN / RRa-226
• kN = 1/εN calibration factor• Cgeom geometry factor ; Cgeom=1 for standard geom.• RRa-226 , mRa-226 instrument reading and mass*
of a Ra-226 reference source• RN instrument reading for the nuclide under study*
* (corrected for background and decay)
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Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltK. Kossert
Ionization chambersEnergy dependent efficiency curves(see e.g. Schrader & Svec, ARI 60 (2004) 369)
allows calculation ofcalibration factors
See also Euromet-Projekt 909:Schrader, Kossert, Mintcheva: Calibration of a radionuclide calibrator system as a Bulgarian standard for activity. ARI 66 (2008) 965
Curimentor 3 - PTW (photons)
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
0.01 0.1 1 10E in MeV
ε(E
) in
kB
q-1
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Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltK. Kossert
Ionization chambersProject with PTB and Company MED Nuklear-Medizintechnik Dresden GmbH.• 3 ionization chambers + accessories• Projects ends in March 2010
Aims of the project• Investigation whether the chambers can be used in radionuclide
metrology• Improvement of measurements in nuclear medicine• Maybe also R&D to improve electrometers for low current
measurements (10-13 A bis 10-8 A, in particular linearity).
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Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltK. Kossert
Future plans
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Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltK. Kossert
Application of the stochastic modelPotential application:Calculation of emission spectra of radionuclides (not only electron-capture) to investigate the interaction with DNA Grau Carles, Kossert: Monte Carlo simulation of Auger electron spectra. ARI. In press
111In
LSC, calculated
LSC, measured
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Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltK. Kossert
Future plans
Work on parts of a proposal for iMERA-Plus JRP TP2 „Health“.
Determination of activity and nuclear decay data of emerging radionuclides in nuclear medicine and improvements for short-lived PET nuclides.
- Cu-64 (EURAMET-Project) - Cu-67 (EURAMET-Project)- Ga-68 andGe-68/Ga-68- Lu-177 (CCRI(II) comparison 2009)
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Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltK. Kossert
Future plansMiniature-TDCR apparatus
Channel photomultiplier
Small system, e.g. for mobile missions.
Potential applications• 11C (20,3 minutes)• 13N (10,1 minutes) • 15O (2,03 minutes)• 18F (110 minutes)at PET-centers or PTB (15O ??)
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Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltK. Kossert
Cu-64
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Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltK. Kossert
Cu-64
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Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltK. Kossert
Cu-64Production
Reactor:– 63Cu (n,g) 64Cu
Impurities: 67Cu– 64Cu (n,2n) 64Cu
Impurities: 65Ni– 64Zn (n,p) 64Cu
Impurities: 67Cu, 63Zn, 65Ni
Cyclotron:– 64Zn (d,2p) 64Cu
Impurities: 67Cu– 66Zn (d,a) 64Cu– natZn (d,x) 64Cu
Impurities: 61Cu
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Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltK. Kossert
Cu-64First test measurements at PTB: December 2008:
- 4πβ-γ coincidence counting- LSC (CIEMAT/NIST)- Ionization chambers (calculated calibration factor)- Gamma-ray spectrometry (also for impurity checks)
- Photon-photon coincidence counting ?
If successful: Submission to SIR in 2009 + determination of decay data.
Cu-64 and Cu-67 were proposed as candidates for EUROMET exercises.
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Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltK. Kossert
Ga-68
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Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltK. Kossert
Ga-68First test measurements at PTB soon:
- 4πβ-γ coincidence counting- LSC (CIEMAT/NIST)- Ionization chambers (calculated calibration factor)
also for half-life determination- Gamma-ray spectrometry (also for impurity checks)
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Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltK. Kossert
Thank you for your attention
www.ptb.de [email protected]