Download - Life Span Lecture 4
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Life Span Lecture 4
Chapter 7-8Toddlerhood & Preschool
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Toddlerhood
• 1-3 years• Growth– Slow & Steady
• Areas of focus– Gross & fine motor skills– Language– Autonomy
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Height & Weight
• Height– @3 inch / year
• Weight– @5 pounds / year
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Body proportions
• Extremities grow faster than trunk
• 2 yr– Potbelly– Lordosis
• 3 yr– Slender– Stronger– Erect posture
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How many “deciduous” teeth are there?
A. 12B. 18C. 20D. 24E. 36
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At what point to children have all of their deciduous teeth?
A. 1 yrB. 1 ½ yrC. 2 yrD. 2 ½ yrE. 3 yr
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Face & Teeth
• Dentist • Fluoride• Brushing• Thumb sucking– Self-limiting
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Bone Development
• Ossification• Greenstick fx
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Sensory Development
• 3 yrs– 20/20 vision
• Amblyopia– Eye patch the good eye
• Eustachian tube
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Developmental Milestones
• Related to – independent function
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Vital Signs
• Temp– 98 – 99o F
• Pulse– 90 – 120/ min
• Resp– 20 – 30 / min
• BP– 100/65
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Gross motor
• Balance 1 foot• Jump• Steps• Run
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Fine motor
• Self-feeding• Dressing• Rides tricycle• Simple puzzles• Blocks• Copies circles / lines• Turns knobs • Opens lids
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A toddler is in what stage according to the psychoanalytical theory model?
A. Trust vs. MistrustB. Autonomy vs. ShameC. Oral stageD. Anal stageE. Preoperational
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What part of toilet training do toddlers learn first?
A. Bowel controlB. Bladder control
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Toilet training
• Help undressing• Accidents• Age– 2 – 3 ½ yrs
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A toddler is in what stage according to the psychosocial theory model?
A. Trust vs. MistrustB. Autonomy vs. ShameC. Oral stageD. Anal stageE. Preoperational
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Psychosocial development: Autonomy
• Independence• Freedom of choice
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Psychosocial development: Discipline
• Simple & direct f/b diversion
• Consistent• Routine • Frustration
negativistic behavior• “Time out”
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Psychosocial development:
• Separation anxiety• Warm & affectionate• Comfort items• Sibling rivalry • Regression
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A toddler is in what stage according to the Piaget’s cognitive theory model?
A. Trust vs. MistrustB. Autonomy vs. ShameC. Oral stageD. Anal stageE. Preoperational
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Cognitive development
• Global perspective• Object permanence• “magical” age• Egocentric view• Time • Couriosity
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Moral Development
• Parent’s moral code child's moral code
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Communication
• Automatic & spontaneous
• Understand before they can express
• 2 yrs– 2 word sentences– 50 word vocabulary
• 3 yrs– 2 word sentences– 1,000 word vocabulary
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Nutrition• Est. eating habits• Amounts & Variety• Growth
– Protein– Calcium– Iron– Phosphorus– Vitamins
• 2-3 yrs– Eating same food as family
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Nutrition
• Caloric intake– 1,300 cal/day
• Pain vs mixed• Ritualistic behavior• Idea meal plan– 3 small meal– 3 nutritious snacks
• Routine• Socialization
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Sleep and Rest
• Nap• Ritual• Nightmares
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Play
• Mimic• Symbolic play• Parallel play• Toys– Fine and gross motor
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What is the leading cause of death in toddlers?
A. CancerB. AccidentsC. Bacterial InfectionD. Viral InfectionE. SIDS
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What is the leading cause of accident death in toddlers?
A. DrowningB. BurnsC. Motor vehicleD. ChokingE. Poisoning
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Preschool
• Age– 3-6yrs
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Height & Weight
• Height– 2-3 inches / year
• Weight– 5 pounds / year
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Body proportions
• Loss subcutaneous and adipose tissue
• More adult like
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Teeth
• Tooth decay• Plaque• Dental visits– Q 6 months
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Muscle & Bone Development
• Long bones lose red marrow
• Flat bones have red marrow – Skull– Sternum– Pelvis
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Sensory Development
• Vision– 20/20– By age 5
• Depth perception • Color
• Hearing– Ear infections
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Vital Signs
• Pulse– 90-100 / minute
• Resp– 22-25 / min
• BP– 100 / 60
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Gross motor• 4 yrs
– Walking / running tip toes– Hop & balance one foot– Stairs– Climb & jump
• 5 yrs– Coordination increases– Jump rope– Skip– Balance beam– Sports
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Fine motor
• Self-care• Draw• Scissors• Printing name
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Sexual Development
• Genital awareness• Masterbation
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What stage of development is a preschooler (late childhood) on the psychosocial model?
A. Oral B. AnalC. Autonomy vs shameD. Initiative vs guiltE. Properational
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Psychosocial development: Initiative
• Explore!• Pretending
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Psychosocial development: Discipline
• Set limits• Explore feelings
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Psychosocial development:
• Jealousy
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Preschool education
• Peer interaction
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Cognitive development
• Centration• Lack reversibility• Share• Creative – Egocentric– Magical
• Increased attention span
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Which of the following developed a moral development theory and staging?
A. FreudB. EriksonC. PiagetD. KohlbergE. Pope
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What is the first level of Kohlberg's moral development model?
A. PreconventionalB. Trust vs mistrustC. OralD. AnalE. Sensorimotor
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What is the term Freud used for a “Conscience”
A. IdB. EgoC. Superego
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Communication
• 4 yrs– 4 word sentences– Who, what, where– Nouns, verbs &
adjectives• 5 yrs– 5+ word sentences– 2,000+ word vocabulary
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Nutrition
• Caloric intake– 1,800 cal /day
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Sleep and Rest
• 10-12 hours / night• Nap– 1 a day (if)– 30 – 60 minutes
• Nightmares
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Play
• Cooperative / associative play– Rules– Share
• Audience• Imagination• Imaginary friends
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Safety
• Car seats• Injuries• Strangers
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Thumb sucking
• Malalignment of the teeth
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Bed-wetting
• Enuresis
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Fears
• Dark• Mutilation• Abandonment