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Light Pollution
Glare
Light trespass
Sky glow
Energy waste
Clutter
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Quantifying Light Pollution Worldwide
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) USAF
Satellite and ground based observations.
P. Cinzano, F. Falchi, C. D. Elvidge
U of Padova Dept of Astronomy
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66% of the US population and 20% of the world’s population can no longer see the Milky way.
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99% of the population in the lower 48 and the EU live in areas where the night sky is above threshold set for polluted status.
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Light PollutionLight Pollution
Outdoor lighting currently stands as one of the most inefficient uses of energy today.
30 to 50% of all light pollution is produced by roadway lighting that shines wasted light upwards and outwards.
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Toronto 2003 – Sky Glow & Glare
During Blackout After Blackout
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Skyglow
Honolulu, HICan it be fixed? Yes.How? With ordinances & one light at a time.
Courtesy M Donohue
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Sky glow over Haleakala.
Note Hnl lights in NW& darkness in SE
Ranks as 5th
best observatory in the world
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The Cost of The Cost of Throwing Away ElectricityThrowing Away Electricity
The USA spends over $2 billion per year in energy costs from wasted light at night.
Waste:
= 6 million tons of coal or
= 23 million barrels of oil per year
Greenhouse gasses produced add to global warming.
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55% from coal
22% from nuclear
10% from natural gas
10% from hydropower
2% from oil (Hawai’i 90%)
1% from other sources
US Power Sources
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Light & Human health Circadian rhythmsMelatonin and the pineal glandNewly discovered RGC’s (Berson-2002)
Blue light sensitive 464 – 480 nmTrigger SCN – clock center – non visual
Rat studies (Blask – Basset Research Center, Cooperstown, NY)LAN reduces mlt. And increases growth rates of human
breast cancer cells implanted in ratsDarkness at night – high mlt.; low cancer growth rates
Human studies (Blask – 2004)Blood from humans exposed to LAN – low mlt; high cancer cell growthBlood from humans exposed to darkness – high mlt; low ca growth
Epidemiology – cancers in shift workers (Harvard nurses health study)(Stevens, Schernhammer)
Higher rates of breast and colorectal cancers in shift workers
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Paper summarizingcurrent literature linking LAN to breastand colorectal cancer.
Medical HypothesesOct. 2004
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Effects of Artificial Light at Night on Ecosystems (photopollution)
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Paper summarizingcurrent literature linking LAN to breastand colorectal cancer.
Medical HypothesesOct. 2004
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Lighting and CrimeLighting and Crime
Most crimes take place during the day
Two congressional crime task forces (1979 & 1997) found no relationship between lighting and crime. The studies that say there is a relationship are not controlled studies
“There are simply no good scientific studies that convincingly show the relationship between lighting and crime.” - (Ref - IDA information sheet 42; 4/98)
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In defense of low pressure sodium lights on MauiGood for astronomersGood for human health – no mlt. SuppressionGood for ecosystems
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Good FCO Lighting In All Places
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Recessed canopy lights
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15 50watt hpslamps 10 ft high,4000 lumens each,21 ft apart.
60,000 lumens oflight surrounding thebldg.
Overkill
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Good FCO Lights
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Opaque cover diffuseslight better
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Everybody Wins With Everybody Wins With Good LightingGood Lighting
Less glare, light trespass & sky glow
Restores dark skies for stargazing
Good for human health & ecosystems
Prevents the pervasive spread of light pollution
Preserves the night skies for our children
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Everybody Wins With Everybody Wins With
Good LightingGood Lighting
• Important to human health to sleep in darkness.
• Important to health of ecosystems to minimize exposure of plants and animals to light at night.
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Light pollution is the easiest kind of pollution to fix.
Reduce it, shield It, & shine it down.
Light the subject & hide the source.
Follow IESNA rec. levels.
Use IESNA mins as maximums when can.
Design for low impact lighting.