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Linking Community-BasedEntrepreneurial Development
and Natural Resource Management
Ruth McWilliamsNational Sustainable Development Coordinator
USDA Forest Service
New American Communities E-Search Conference
December 10, 2002
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Entrepreneurship
Focuses on individuals or groups…not businesses
Applies to public as well as private sectorPublic role – Building communitiesPrivate role – Building businesses
(Center for Rural Entrepreneurship)
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Entrepreneurial Development
U.S. is one of the most entrepreneurial countries in the world
(Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership)
Key individual attributes:Motivation – spark, vision, drive, energyCapacity – business skills, networking, partnering
(Center for Rural Entrepreneurship)
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Community Roles
Create positive community climate for entrepreneurship
Provide basic community infrastructure, keeping pace with needs
Package community support for local entrepreneurs
(Center for Rural Entrepreneurship)
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Sustainability as the Goal
Starts with a commitment to the land
Links people and natural resources
Addresses all sectors and functions of society
Embraces civic involvement
Creates opportunities and preserves choices
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Sustainable Development
Is present and future oriented
Connects environmental, social, and economic concerns
Is place-based
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Present and Future Oriented
“…the capacity to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”
(Brundtland Commission, 1987)
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Environmental, Social, and Economic Dimensions
“…to enhance human productivity, reduce poverty and foster economic growth and opportunity together with environmental quality”
(U.S. Government Vision Statement for World Summit on Sustainable Development, 2002)
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Place-Based
“We believe sustainable development begins at home…”
(U.S. Government Vision Statement for World Summit on Sustainable Development, 2002)
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Conservation in the
21st Century
Short- and long-term focus Comprehensive / simultaneous
solutions Public and private sector
collaboration Place-based actions at multiple
scales
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USDA-Forest Service Mission
“Sustain the health, diversity, and productivity of the nation’s forests and grasslands to meet the needs of present
and future generations”
(FS Strategic Plan, 2000 Revision)
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Land Type in the United States
Other26% Croplan
d20%
Forestland28%
Rangeland26%
(FS RPA Assessment, 2000)
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Forest Land Ownershipin the U.S.
Non-IndustrialPrivate
Landowners52.2%
Federal Government
27.4%
State & Local Government9.3%
Forest Industry9.1%
(FS RPA Assessment, 2000)
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Stakeholders
Federal agencies Tribal, state, and local units of
government Private landowners Business and industry Conservation and environmental
groups Regional and community-based
organizations Other citizens
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Forums and Networks
Multi-stakeholder Roundtables Communities Committee of the 7th
American Forest Congress National Network of Forest
Practitioners National Urban & Community Forestry
Advisory Council Alliance of Community Trees Lots more!
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Criteria for Sustainable
Forest Management
Biological diversityProductive capacity of forest ecosystemsForest ecosystem health and vitalitySoil and water resourcesForest contribution to global carbon cyclesSocio-economic benefitsLegal, institutional, and economic framework
(Montreal Process, involving 12 countries including U.S.)
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History of U.S. Commitment
1992 Earth Summit
1993 International Seminar of Experts; and Presidential Decision
1995 Santiago Declaration
1999 Roundtable on Sustainable Forests
2000 Federal Interagency Cooperation
2003 National Report on Sustainable Forests
(Check FS webpage for document with more history)
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Roundtable on Sustainable Forests
National multi-stakeholder forum focusing on sustainable forest management through:
Better data Better information Better decisions
(Website: http://www.sustainableforests.net)
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Multiple Sector-Based Efforts
Forests
Rangelands
Minerals / Energy
Water
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Resource-Related Issues
Forest fragmentation and conversion, especially in urbanizing areas
Water quality and quantity, and watershed restoration
Fire prevention and restoration, especially in the wildland/urban interface
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Resource Issues, continued
Exotic and invasive plants replacing native systems
Stewardship jobs and business opportunities
Forest land ownership changes Ecological benefits as
community services
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Local to Global Actions
Local Unit Criteria & Indicator Development (LUCID)Community-based measurementState resource planningEco-regional and national-level
assessmentsUnited Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF)
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Leadership Issues
Address issues broad in scope Work at multiple scales Work across boundaries Work with reduced resources Mobilize partners and stakeholders Work for meaningful outcomes
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Challenge
Make sustainable forest and
resource management real
to people where they live, work,
and play in urban, suburban,
and rural places
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Basic Premises
Vital communities are part of healthy ecosystems
No community is in and of itself sustainable
Communities represent a scale and set of interactions that people can comprehend and affect
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Sustainable Community Model
EnvironmentEnvironmentEconomyEconomy
SocietySocietyEnvironmentEnvironment
EconomyEconomy
SocietySociety
(Maureen Hart, Sustainable Measures)
Interconnected and Interconnected and integrated integrated
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Grassroots Opportunities
Strengthen rural-urban linkages through regional cooperation
Protect “working lands” in rural as well as urbanizing areas
Integrate “green infrastructure” into local and regional plans
Educate landowners about sustainable resource management practices
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Opportunities, continued
Unlock small business alternatives Reduce water pollution from land-
based activities through agroforestry
Address the impact of invasive species on agricultural and natural resources
Foster intergovernmental and civic involvement in sustainable resource management
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Benefits of Collaboration
Add expertise and resources to process
Gain additional perspectives on solutions
Develop common information and data bases
Build ownership and support for decisions
Develop trusting relationships
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Forest Service Vision
“People working together, sharing knowledge and resources,
to achieve desired futures for our forests and communities.”
(FS National Collaborative Stewardship Team, 1997)
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Many Approaches
Search Conferencing / Participative Design Workshops
Communities of Interest / Open Space Decision-Making
Collaborative Learning Economic Renewal Lots of ‘home grown’ methods
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Multiple Community Concepts
Communities of Place
Communities of Interest
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Spectrum of Methods
Assisted negotiations e.g., facilitation, mediation,
conflict assessment
Consensus-based processes e.g., community-based
collaborations, negotiated rulemaking, policy dialogues
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Public & Private Investments
Sustainability
ConservationPractices
Landowner Planning
PublicEducation
Community Planning
Development Tools
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Collaboration Lessons
Build common ground Create new opportunities for interaction Craft meaningful, effective, and enduring
processes Focus on problem in new/different ways Foster sense of responsibility and
commitment Remember…partnerships are people Use proactive and entrepreneurial approach Get help…give help (Wondolleck and Yaffee)
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Collaboration Needs
Commitment – Support innovators Internal communication – Involve
staff in projects External communication – Do
outreach to key stakeholders Competence – Provide training and
technical support Credibility – Fund and do monitoring
(Brett KenCairn, Indigenous Community Enterprises)
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Measuring Progress
Progress Triangle
Procedures
Relationships
Substance
(Steve Daniels on Collaborative Learning)
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Desired Community Indicators?
Increased use of the skills, knowledge, and abilities of local people
Strengthened relationships and communication Improved community initiative, responsibility,
and adaptability Developed appropriately diverse and healthy
economies, including family-wage jobs and locally owned businesses
Sustained healthy ecosystems with multiple community benefits
(FS Economic Action Programs Strategic Plan, 2000)
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Recap of Key Concepts
Entrepreneurship Sustainable development Sustainable forest /
resource management Collaboration Measurement Criteria and indicators
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Contact Information
Ruth McWilliamsNational Sustainable Development CoordinatorUSDA – Forest Service1400 Independence Avenue, S.W.Stop Code 1123Washington, D.C. 20250-1123
Phone: 202/205-1373; Fax: [email protected]/sustained