Download - LINKoln Locale - Energy
WHY RETROFIT?
7 DESIGN GOALS & PROJECT CONTEXT
82.0% Single Family Detached 6.1% Single Family Attached 3.3% Apartments in 2-4 unit buildings 5.7% Apartment in 5 or more unit buildings 2.9% Mobile Homes
256.5 b sqf Residential building in the US
14.6 b sqf Multifamily homes in the US
WHY RETROFIT? (Retrofit vs. New Construction)
8 DESIGN GOALS & PROJECT CONTEXT
Basecase -9% Advanced Case -12%
Basecase - 9% Advanced Case -12%
Basecase - 17% Advanced Case -20%
Basecase - 24% Advanced Case -28%
11 DESIGN GOALS & PROJECT CONTEXT
PROGRAM
Living
Bedroom Solar Chimney
Circulation Mechanical and Plumbing Cores
Patio
FINANCIAL AND CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS
18 FINANCIAL AND CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS
Debt to Income Ratio Calculation Annual Median Family Income
(MFI) $ 54,916 Monthly Household Debt (0.5%
MFI) $ 34 Operations and Maintenance
Costs $ 24 Monthly Utility Costs $ 10
Property Tax $ 369 Insurance $ 10
Mortgage Payment $ 718
Home Ownership Affordability Target 38%
Calculated Debt to Income Ratio 25%
[CATEGORY NAME] [VALUE]
[CATEGORY NAME] [VALUE] [CATEGORY NAME]
[VALUE]
[CATEGORY NAME] [VALUE]
[CATEGORY NAME] [VALUE]
[CATEGORY NAME] [VALUE]
[CATEGORY NAME] [VALUE]
[CATEGORY NAME] [VALUE]
[CATEGORY NAME] [VALUE]
[CATEGORY NAME] [VALUE]
[CATEGORY NAME] [VALUE]
[CATEGORY NAME] [VALUE]
[CATEGORY NAME] [VALUE]
Flooring 2%
Deck, Patio, Porches 2%
Permeable Driveway 5% [CATEGORY NAME]
[VALUE]
Total Financing Breakdown Annual Interest Rate 3.9% Years 30 years Payments per Year 12 Number of Payments 360 Down payment $ 305,644 Principle Amount $1,222,575 Monthly Payment $ (5,746)
Property Tax Calculation Property Tax Rate 2.32%
Annual Property Tax $ 35,455
HYGROTHERMAL ANALYSIS
23 ENVELOPE DURABILITY ANALYSIS
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
10/1/2016 11/1/2016 12/1/2016 1/1/2017 2/1/2017 3/1/2017 4/1/2017 5/1/2017 6/1/2017 7/1/2017 8/1/2017 9/1/2017 10/1/2017
Tota
l Wat
er C
onte
nt (l
b/ft
2)
Tenp
erat
ure
(F°)
Date/Time
Total Water Content
Exterior Air Temperature (Exterior Climate) [ーF] Interior Air Temperature (Exterior Climate) [ーF] #Basecase
#4" XPS (2"x4" Wood Stud) #6" XPS (2"x4" Wood Stud) #2" ccSPF+3.5" Cellulus Insulation (2"x4" Wood Stud)
#3.14"/80mm StoPerlite #3.93"/100mm StoPerlite #4.72"/120mm StoPerlite
#1.18"/30mm StoAervero
HVAC DESIGN PRINCIPLES/SYSTEMS
24 SPACE CONDITIONING DESIGN & ANALYSIS
•Eliminated ASHP from design • CERV to handle heat supply to all spaces
• Individual bedrooms + open living space • Simplifies layout, downsizes system
•CERV with GeoBoost for heating • CERV placed in mechanical room in each unit • Geo-loop: HDPE piping for 300’ main loop,
circulating propylene glycol + water mixture • Taco 009 Cartridge Circulator Pump per CERV • Panasonic FV-30 WhisperLine air blowers
• 100-175 cfm, MERV-13 filter • Total airflow supply: 160 cfm for 4BR, 130 cfm for 3BR, 100
cfm for 2BR • Total airflow exhaust: 110 cfm for 3/4BR, 80 cfm for 2BR
Cistern
HVAC SYSTEMS OVERVIEW
25 SPACE CONDITIONING DESIGN & ANALYSIS
Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.4 (without fan power) / 1.9 (with fan power) Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) = 8.6 Btu/W-hr Total Cooling Capacity = 1079 W Compressor Power = 450 W Fan Power = 120 W Lat. = 133 W Sens. = 947 W
Coefficient of Performance (COP) 3.5 (without fan power) / 2.7 (with fan power) Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) = 12.7 Btu/W-hr Total Cooling Capacity = 1342 W Compressor Power = 381 W Fan Power = 120 W Lat. = 231 W Sens. = 1110 W
Coefficient of Performance (COP) 3.1 (without fan power) / 2.4 (with fan power) Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) = 11.1 Btu/W-hr Total Cooling Capacity = 1165 W Compressor Power = 377 W
Coefficient of Performance (COP) 5.4 (without fan power) / 4.0 (with fan power) Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) = 19.3 Btu/W-hr Total Cooling Capacity = 1803 W Compressor Power = 335 W Fan Power = 120 W
HVAC SYSTEMS OVERVIEW
26 SPACE CONDITIONING DESIGN & ANALYSIS
Basement Floor Plan Typical Floor Plan
CERV
CERV
CERV
CERV
PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES
31 ENERGY ANALYSIS
• Sunpower SPR-X21-255 Nominal Efficiency: 21.5% Maximum Power: 254.666 Wdc Max Power Voltage: 42.8 Vdc Max Power Current: 5.9 Adc Open Circuit Voltage: 51 Vdc Short Circuit Current: 6.3 Adc
• Advantages: • Highest Efficiency • Proven Technology • Thousands Sold • 25 Years Warranty
MICRO-INVERTER
32 ENERGY ANALYSIS
Enphase Energy: C250 220V Weighted Efficiency: 96.4% Maximum DC Input Voltage: 60 Vdc Nominal Output AC Voltage: 220 Vac Advantages: Low loss due to shading, debris or snow Reduces module to module mismatch More resistant to whole system failure Monitoring of each solar panel via powerline communication Simple design, installation, and management
PV SYSTEM DESIGN
33 ENERGY ANALYSIS
107 Panels (27 kW) ● 180° South at 29° Tilt ● Annual Energy Production
37,700 kWh ● $ 70,580 ● Offsets 92% of total
consumption
DOMESTIC HOT WATER
36 DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES
Save Energy and Water Reduce the wait time for hot water Return the ambient-temperature water back to the heater
● Shortest pipe run length ●Better loop location ●CPVC SCH 40 tubing
DOMESTIC HOT WATER
37 DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES
- 50-gallon water heater - Energy Factor 3.25>2.0 - Save $370-$490 water heating cost annually - Four operating modes
GeoSpring™ Hybrid Electric Water Heater
DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES
Team LINKoln chose the GeoSpring™ Hybrid Electric Water Heater model # GEH50DFEJSR.
DOMESTIC HOT WATER PLAN
38 DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES
●Hot Water Delivery System Layout ● 0.5 gallons storage limit in piping satisfied ●ASPE acceptable performance of 10 seconds
waiting for hot water
DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES
WATER SAVING
39 DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES
• Based on the water fixture we selected, we calculated the flow rate. Compared with fixtures of IPC/UPC (CODE), our apartment can save almost 50% portable water usage.
DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES
• Energy Star products • Acceptable prices
RAINWATER COLLECTION
40 DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES
• Precipitation is on an average around 3.43” of rainfall every month.
• The estimated catchment area for the roof is 3500 ft2 and for the parking place is 13298 ft2.
• Rainwater Catchment: Roof & Ground. • Used for flushing (Roof) • Used for irrigation (Ground) • Cistern located outside of the apartment
• Collecting water Average monthly precipitation. Urbana, IL. ( inches)
• Water Usage
DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES
RAINWATER COLLECTION
41 DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES
• The average monthly rainwater collection can satisfy flushing usage • For the month with lowest rainfall, it demands only 500 gallons of
potable water • Cistern Storage is 5000 gallons: two 2635 gallons cisterns
LxWxH=140 in. x 90in. x 72in. • Parking place: 1000 gallons cistern: LxWxH=90 in. x 78in. x 55in.
• Reclaimed water collection and reuse
DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES
APPLIANCES LIST
42 DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES
Appliance Cost Brand Energy Consumption Energy Star
Clothes Dryer $ 943.2
Whirlpool WED99HEDW
531.0 kWh/yr Yes
Washing Machine
$ 799.2
Whirlpool WFW95HEDW
109.0 kWh/y Yes
Induction Range(with Oven)
$1799.10
GE PHB920SJSS
Stovetop 1: 3.7kW Stovetop 2: 2.5kW Stovetop 3: 1.8kW Stovetop 4: 2.5kW Stovetop 5: .1 kW Oven Bake: 2.85 kW Oven Broil: 3.8 kW
N/A
Microwave $310 LG LMV2031ST
1kWh 121.545kWh/year (assuming 20 min/day)
N/A
Refrigerator + Freezer
$2000
LG LTCS24223S
501kWh/year Yes
Dishwasher $538.2
LDF7774ST 258 kWh/year Yes
•Energy Star •Fridge + Freezer •Dishwasher •Clothes Dryer •Washing machine
•Energy Efficient •Induction Range (400kWh/yr) •Clothes washer (109 kWh/yr) •Dishwasher (258 kWh/yr) •Clothes dryer (531 kWh/yr)
•Cost Efficient
DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES
EXISTING APPLIANCES
43 DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES
PROPOSED APPLIANCES
44 DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES
APPLIANCES/INTERIOR DESIGN
HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM
45 DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES
CONNECT CAMELOT TOUCHSCREEN DEADBOLT
46 DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES
•Durable Resistive Touchscreen •Anti-pick shield •LED backlight •Remote control
DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES
SMARTTHING HUB AND APP
47 DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES
•Heart of your home •Sensor, light, and lock control •Automate your home's lighting and save money on energy costs •Simple Set-up •Controlled through your smart phone with SmartThings app
DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES
LINKON APP
48 DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES
•Easy Installation •Increase Awareness •Understand Usage •Consumption habits and behavior •Set Goals •Detect Leaks •Signature-water consumption
DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES
INNOVATION
49 DOMESTIC HOT WATER, LIGHTING & APPLIANCES
❖Roof Garden ❖Three Rain Gardens (North-East, South-East, and West) ❖Double skin facade on south
➢Highly exposed to rain runoff ➢Walls need to dry out and adding such component on south side will increase
the drying rate as well as it eliminates concerns of freeze thaw damage ❖Hybrid interior Insulation Retrofit ❖Applying water repellent coats on all exterior building elements, specifically bricks ❖Selling out extra water collected on ground for irrigation purposes in neighborhood ❖Application and Design of CERV in multifamily buildings ❖Enhancing building resiliency
INNOVATION