Download - LIS 653, Session 10: Controlled Vocabulary
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Controlled Vocabulary & Knowledge Org. Systems
LIS 653
Starr Hoffman
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How it All Fits Together
Record(representat
ion of bibliographi
c information)
Code (rules:
AACR2, RDA)
Encoding (MARC, XML)
Authority control
(standardized author name:
J. R. R. Tolkien)
Structure (ISBD,
XML)
Subject headings (LCSH, Sears,
AAT)
Classification
(shelving: LC, Dewey)
Model (FRBR, trad.
model)
Record is displayed in an OPAC, online database, etc.
Format(MARC,
Dublin Core)
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Core Concepts of Controlled Vocabularies
Organized list of terms Words and/or phrases
Used to label content Used to find content Terms may be:
Hierarchically structured Relational Something in-between (BT, NT, RT)
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CVs attempt to resolve problems…
User language doesn’t match language of the document they’re seeking
User wants to find all resources on a given topic
User wants to find out what language a system/organization uses to describe a given concept
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Approaches…
Pre-coordinate: subdivided terms create compounded, complex concepts (LCSH)
Post-coordinate: single concepts, basic terms (that can be combined later during the search process)
Able to assign multiple subject terms regardless of the above method used
Hierarchical vs. more complex/subtle relationships
Finite, limited (thesaurus) vs. evolving, broad (LCSH)
Controlled vs. uncontrolled (tags, concept maps)
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Types of Controlled Vocabularies
Thesaurus: specific subject domain (Getty’s AAT)
Subject heading list: library context, describe “aboutness” of items in catalog records (LCSH, Sears)
Classification scheme: library or other context (taxonomy), descriptor to group like items together (LCC, DDC)
Authority file: list of names of individuals or geographic places (LC Authority Files)
Keyword list, Tag cloud: often user-defined/community-defined, used to group similar content in social media or other websites
Website categories (aka taxonomy): tree-like hierarchical structure, similar to classification (w/o notation / call #)
Concept Map (aka ontology): visual representation of relationship between concepts, relays meaning (semantics)
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Arrangement of CVs/KOSsCV type Structure Pre- or post-
coordinateAbout
Thesaurus Alphabetical & Systematic (2 parts)
Post-coordinate Narrow scope: one subject domain; cross-references, related terms, synonyms, etc.
Subject heading list
Alphabetical &/or Systematic
Both pre-coordinate & post-coordinate
Broad general focus; cross-references, related terms, synonyms, etc.
Classification scheme
Systematic Pre-coordinate Often hierarchical, expressed in notation (code) rather than in words
Authority file Alphabetical Post-coordinate Lists of names: geographies, individuals
Keyword list, Tag cloud
Alphabetical (& tag cloud as size-systematic)
Usually post-coordinate, may be either
User-created; usually does not identify synonyms, hierarchy, relationships between terms
Website categories (taxonomy)
Alphabetical & Systematic
Hierarchical (tree structure)
Concept map (ontology)
Visual arrangement of relationships between concepts (Systematic)
(no preferred terms, so does not apply)
Graphic representation of concepts in a subject domain; often complex relationships (not just hierarchical)
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Some Issues When Constructing CVs…
Word form (plural vs. singular) Cat vs. Cats
Sequence & form for phrases Energy conservation vs…. Conservation of energy resources
Homographs & homophones Mercury: planet, metal, Roman god, car Fowl vs. foul
Qualifiers Mercury (planet) Mercury (Roman deity)
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Some Issues When Constructing CVs…
Abbreviations, acronyms AIDS vs. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Popular vs. technical terms Cancer vs. Neoplasms
Precoordinate (subdivision) vs. Postcoordinate
Merchant marine—officers Versus... Merchant marine Officers
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Thesaurus Abbreviations TT: top term
broadest term in hierarchy BT: broader term NT: narrower term RT: related term USE: use X
points to a preferred term (X) UF: “use for”
the preferred term SN: scope note
describes meaning of the term meaning
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Keywords Often chosen by authors of works
(uncontrolled, miss synonyms or related concepts)
Info retrieval system may use combination of keywords & assessing document’s full text (databases)
Usually not connected to synonyms or hierarchy of terms
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Tag Clouds, Folksonomies
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Tag Cloud Issues…
science fictionScienceFiction
scifisci-fi SF
Hard SF
time travel
books I read in high school
Dystopian futures with strong female leads
YA distopia
cyborgs
YA dystopia
robots
androids
AI
Artificial intelligence
Scifi-lite
stuff
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Website Categories
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Concept Map
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Concept Map
Literati database…http://clio.columbia.edu/catalog/9356779
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More Examples
Linked lists of controlled vocabularies:http://geekyartistlibrarian.pbworks.com/w/page/88627766/PrattLIS653_ControlledVocabularies