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Rethinking Graduation and Social
Protection: A Realistic Aspiration? Lisa Hannigan , Senior Sector Specialist Social Protection Paba Siriwardana, Social Protection Specialist
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What is social protection? What is its aim?
Tackle poverty, vulnerability and promote pro-poor economic growth
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But what does it mean in the context of graduation?
Protection (cash transfer)
Prevention (insurance)
Promotion (economic opportunities)
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Time bound vs. Escape from poverty?
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What are the common graduation programs?
Asset Transfer Programs• BRAC CFPR – Targeting the Ultra
Poor
Public Works Programs• Ethiopia’s Public Safety Net
Program
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Why are they popular?
Clear exit strategy
Value for money
Return on investment
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Why are they contentious?
• Loses sight of the fundamental purpose of social protection
• Time frames are too short to break the cycle of poverty
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• Assumes lives and livelihoods are linear and the assets will make them resilient against future shocks.
• Assumes programs are replicable across different contexts
• Can be gender blind
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What do beneficiaries think?
“Beneficiaries themselves, of course, have no concept of the point at which they might have
graduated”
- Nicholas Freeland, Consultant
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What are the risks of supporting graduation programs?
• If political support is fixated on (unrealistic) graduation targets, a failure to reach them can not only cut the ‘productive’ element of the program, but also the ‘protective’ element
• Perverse incentives if thresholds are known
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What does the evidence tell us about the success of graduation programs?
• Positive results – but for how long? • Indicators for measuring resilience -
adequate or too low?• Do we need more insights from
beneficiaries?• Can the program be undermined by the
state? (India’s NREGA impact on CGAP pilot)
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Where to from here? How to use graduation wisely
• Poverty reduction is a long term investment, not a 3 – 5 year project
• Need a broad based comprehensive social protection strategy that addresses lifecycle risks
• Examples: Aid program investments in Indonesia and the Philippines