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Super-Kamiokande Gadolinium R&D Project:
Status and Outlook
68th JPS annual meeting. Kyoto. September 11th, 2012.
Lluís Martí Magro (Univ. Tokyo, ICRR) for the Super-Kamiokande collaboration.
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Flux limit at Super-K
Phys. Rev. D 85, 052007 (2012)
Supernova Relic Neutrino
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The goal is the discovery of SRN !
→ Measurement limits getting closer to predictions→ Large backgrounds dominate this analysis→ Expand the energy range starting from 10 MeV
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Gadolinium Antineutrino Detector Zealously Outperforming Old Kamiokande Super!
Inverse beta decay(2.2MeV)
~8 MeV
•ΔT~30μsec•Vertices within ~50cm
GADZOOKS!
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→Dissolve Gd in SK pure water (0.2%)→Neutrons captured on Gd produce a cascade of photons of ~8 MeV→The coincidence detection of e+ and those photons we can single out inverse beta decays and greatly reduce backgrounds!!
J.Beacom and M.Vagins, Phys.Rev.Lett.93 (2004) 17110
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Evaluating Gadolinium’s Action on Detector Systems
Kamioka mine
200 ton tank
EGADS
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Our Goals: Water purification system Monitor the water transparency Effects on detector components Adding/removing Gd Neutron background
New hall
240 20' PMT
200 ton tank (d=6.5 m, h=6.5 m)
15 ton tankWater system
Water transparency
measurem
ent
Achieve and maintain a high water quality while keeping Gd
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EGADS plan schedule
- Step 1: Circulation through the 200 ton tank with pure water (no PMTs mounted) Done!- Step 2: Circulation through the 15 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 Done!- Step 3: Circulation though the 200 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 loaded water- Step 4: PMT mounting (240 in total)- Step 5: Full realization of the EGADS project
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EGADS plan schedule
- Step 1: Circulation through the 200 ton tank with pure water (no PMTs mounted) Done!- Step 2: Circulation through the 15 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 Done!- Step 3: Circulation though the 200 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 loaded water- Step 4: PMT mounting (240 in total)- Step 5: Full realization of the EGADS project
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EGADS plan schedule
- Step 1: Circulation through the 200 ton tank with pure water (no PMTs mounted) Done!- Step 2: Circulation through the 15 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 Done!- Step 3: Circulation though the 200 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 loaded water- Step 4: PMT mounting (240 in total)- Step 5: Full realization of the EGADS project
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EGADS plan schedule
- Step 1: Circulation through the 200 ton tank with pure water (no PMTs mounted) Done!- Step 2: Circulation through the 15 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 Done!- Step 3: Circulation though the 200 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 loaded water- Step 4: PMT mounting (240 in total)- Step 5: Full realization of the EGADS project
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EGADS plan schedule
- Step 1: Circulation through the 200 ton tank with pure water (no PMTs mounted) Done!- Step 2: Circulation through the 15 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 Done!- Step 3: Circulation though the 200 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 loaded water- Step 4: PMT mounting (240 in total)- Step 5: Full realization of the EGADS project
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- Step 1: Circulation through the 200 ton tank with pure water (no PMTs mounted) Done!- Step 2: Circulation through the 15 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 Done!- Step 3: Circulation though the 200 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 loaded water- Step 4: PMT mounting (240 in total)- Step 5: Full realization of the EGADS project
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EGADS plan schedule
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EGADS plan schedule
- Step 1: Circulation through the 200 ton tank with pure water (no PMTs mounted) Done!- Step 2: Circulation through the 15 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 Done!- Step 3: Circulation though the 200 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 loaded water- Step 4: PMT mounting (240 in total)- Step 5: Full realization of the EGADS project
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Filtration of Gd loaded water
Impurities size ++ ―>
Porous size ++ ―>
(NF)
(UF)
(RO)
12 11th September, 2012
68th JPS annual meetingLluís Martí Magro
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Water system
M.Vagins
15 ton EGADS
Test Tank
Intake Pump
(>4 ton/hr)
5 m 1st Stage
Filter
Concentrated Gd NF Reject Lines
UV#1
Mem
braneD
egas
0.2 m 2nd Stage Filter
0.5 ton Collection
Buffer Tank
RepressurizationPump
(>0.6 MPa, >4 ton/hr)
RepressurizationPump
(>0.6 MPa, >3 ton/hr)
NF #2
NF #1
Ultrafilter #1
Repressur-izationPump
(>0.9 MPa, >2 ton/hr)
TOC
5 m Filter
0.5 ton Buffer Tank
RO #1
UF #1
UF #2
Repressurization Pump
(>0.9 MPa, >1.5 ton/hr)
DI#2
5 m Filter
RO #2
RO Permeate Lines
Conveying Pump
(~0.35 MPa, >4 ton/hr)
Recycles RO Reject Lines
ChillerUF#1 Reject Line
UF#2 Reject
UV#2
DI#1
To Drain
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Anion-rem
oval resin
5 m
Anion-rem
oval resin
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The EGADS Hall
Pre-treatment system
15m3 tank for pre-treatment
200 ton tank UDEAL
Water system
14
Anion-removal resin
(AJ4400)
Lluís Martí Magro 68th JPS annual meeting 11th September, 2012
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The EGADS Hall
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15 m3 tank and pre-treatment
Gadolinium removal systemWater system
New New AJ4400July 11th
Flushing system13th August
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16 Lluís Martí Magro 68th JPS annual meeting 11th September, 2012
New run (20th July)
Gadolinium sulfate concentrationCo
ncen
tratio
n [p
pm]
NF1-R reduced from 12L → 9L (19th April)
Pump 4 off (2nd May)
01/01/2012 31/01/2012 01/03/2012 31/03/2012 30/04/2012 30/05/2012 29/06/2012 29/07/2012 28/08/20120
500
1000
1500
2000
2500Gadolinium Sulfate Concentration in 15 ton tank Run 2 Run 3
NF1-R reduced from 12L → 9L (19th April)
Pump 4 off (2nd May)
Sampling date
We can keep the Gd concentration constant !
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Summary
Hollow cathode lamp
Step 1: the EGADS main water system is able to reach and maintain SK pure water quality level Step 2: after adding Gd, the water system can obtain and maintain a high pure water quality level (see Yano-san's talk) while keeping Gd → New AJ4400 resin installed in the main water system → Membrane flushing system upgraded Step 3: soon we will start the circulation of Gd loaded water though the 200 ton tank Preparations for the next steps are well advanced: PMT pre-calibration and installation, DAQ system, etc (see Mori-san and Yamaguchi-san's talks!)
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Done!
Done!
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Hollow cathode lamp
BACKUP
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The EGADS main water system reached SK level pure water
Transparency (pure water, step1)
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Hollow cathode lamp
BACKUP