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Looking under the desktop … where was HCI before 1984?
Alan BlackwellReader in Interdisciplinary DesignUniversity of Cambridge
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Vannevar Bush
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Memex
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J C R Licklider – man-computer symbiosis
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Ivan Sutherland – demonstrating symbiosis
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Sketchpad
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Doug Engelbart – the human augmentation project
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NLS – oNLine System
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Stanford Augmentation Research Center (ARC)
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Alan Kay
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KiddiKomp
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David Canfield Smith
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Pygmalion – symbiosis for the programmer
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Card, Newman, Moran, Tesler and others
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Xerox Star
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Xerox Star
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Jef Raskin
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Apple Lisa
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Apple Lisa
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Apple Macintosh
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If this is man-machine symbiosis,
why does
the man-half work?
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Allen Newell
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Brenda Laurel and Joy Mountford
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Lakoff and Johnson
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Pursuing the “metaphor” metaphor – Magic Cap
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The Magic Cap metaphor
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The Microsoft Bob metaphor
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The Task Gallery metaphor
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The Task Gallery metaphor
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The Task Gallery metaphor
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The Virtual Reality metaphor
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The Virtual Reality metaphor
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Available theories for cognitive design
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What is the difference
between education
and designing
a better customer?
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Richard Mayer – metaphors for learning programming
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Jack Carroll – varieties of metaphor and Lisa-learning
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Cognitive theories of education – Bruner and Ausubel
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Papert and Kay – educating the child genius?
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De Souza – the “Designer’s Deputy”
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We like our heroes
fully-augmented
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Negroponte’s Architecture Machine Group
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SDMS “Dataland”
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Command and control over Dataland
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SDMS console
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Engelbart at the NLS console
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1984
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1984
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1984
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1984
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1984
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Bruno Latour – recruiting allies for theory
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Who gets to be creative?
The designer?
Or the user?
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Ted Nelson
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Dealing with the death of the designer
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Further reading
• Blackwell, A.F. The reification of metaphor as a design tool. Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 13(4), 490-530. December 2006.
• Alan Blackwell: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~afb21