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Low-Power and Area-Efficient Carry Select Adder on
Reconfigurable Hardware
Presented by
V.Santhosh kumar ,
B.Tech ,ECE ,4th Year,
GITAM University
Under the guidance of Mr. M. RaghupathyAssistant ProfessorDept. of ECEGITAM University
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CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
EXISTING SYSTEM
PROBLEMS IN EXISTING SYSTEM
PROPOSED SYSTEM
SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM
SIMULATION RESULTS OF REGULAR CSLA
ADVANTAGES & APPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION
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ABSTRACT
Carry Select Adder (CSLA) is one of the fastest adders used in many data-processing processors to perform fast arithmetic functions.
By gate level modification of CSLA architecture we can reduce area and power. Based on this modification 16-b square-root CSLA (SQRT CSLA) architecture have
been developed. The proposed design has reduced area and power as compared with the regular
SQRT CSLA . This work evaluates the performance of the proposed designs in terms of area,
power by hand with logical effort and through Xilinx ISE 14.2(Verilog HDL) and this will be implemented in FPGA (Sparton 6).
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INTRODUCTION
In electronics, an adder or summer is a digital circuit that performs addition of numbers.
Adders can be constructed for many numerical representations, such as BCD or Excess-3, the most common adders operate on binary numbers.
Adders plays Major role in Multiplications and other advanced processers designs
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EXISTING SYSTEM
The carry-select adder generally consists of two Ripple Carry Adders (RCA) and a Multiplexer .
Adding two n-bit numbers with a carry-select adder is done with two adders (therefore two RCA).
In order to perform the calculation twice, one time with the assumption of the carry being zero and the other assuming one.
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REGULAR 16BIT SQRT CSLA
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AREA EVALUATION METHODOLOGY OF REGULAR 16-b SQRT CSLA
Gate count=
57(HA+FA+MUX)
FA=39(3*13)
HA=6(1*6)
MUX=12(3*4)
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PROBLEMS IN EXISTING SYSTEM
The problem in CSLA design is the number of full adders are increased then the circuit complexity also increases.
The number of full adder cells are more thereby power consumption of the design also increases
Number of full adder cells doubles the area of the design also increased.
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SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM
The parallel RCA with Cin=1 is replaced with Binary-Excess 1 converter( BEC).
four-bit BEC
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Modified CLSABasic function of CLSA is obtained by using the 4-bit BEC together with the mux.
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PROPOSED SYSTEM(16-b CLSA)
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In this system we use the BEC to reduce the RCA circuits
Here based on the carry input the MUX will be select corresponding input
In this design we give the MUX inputs are RCA output and BEC output
Compare to regular design the area of the design is less
Contd…
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AREA EVALUATION METHODOLOGY OF MODIFIED 16-b SQRT CSLA
GATE COUNT= 43(HA+FA+MUX+BEC) (13+6+12+1+1+10)
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COMPARISION
GROUP REGULAR MODIFIED
GROUP 2 57 43
GROUP 3 84 61
GROUP 4 117 84
GROUP 5 147 107
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RTL SCHEMATIC
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Simulation Result
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Evaluation ResultsPower Utilized = 32 mW
Delay= 16.204 ns
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TOOL USEDProgramming language: VERILOG HDL
Tool : Xilinx ISE (14.2)
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ADVANTAGESLow power consumption
Less area (less complexity)
More speed compare regular CSLA
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APPLICATIONSArithmetic logic units
High Speed multiplications
Advanced microprocessor design
Digital signal process
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CONCLUSION
A simple approach is proposed in this paper to reduce the area and power
of SQRT CSLA architecture. The reduced number of gates of this work offers
the great advantage in the reduction of area and also the power. The modified
CSLA architecture is therefore, low area, low power, simple and efficient for
VLSI hardware implementation.
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REFERENCES
[1] B. Ramkumar, Harish M Kittur “Low power and Area efficient carry select adder,”IEEE Trans,Vol.20,Feb 2012.
[2] T. Y. Ceiang and M. J. Hsiao, “Carry-select adder using single ripple carry adder,” Electron. Lett., vol. 34, no. 22, pp. 2101–2103, Oct. 1998.
[3] Y. Kim and L.-S. Kim, “64-bit carry-select adder with reduced area,” Electron. Lett., vol. 37, no. 10, pp. 614–615, May 2001.
[4] J. M. Rabaey, Digtal Integrated Circuits—A Design Perspective.Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2001.
[5] Samir Palnitkar, “Verilog Hdl: A Guide to Digital Design and Synthesis”2005,2nd Edition.