Download - Ltsg Ot in Nt Melchidizedek
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Melchidizedek???elchidizedek???
Priest & KingPriest & King
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Howow andan whyw y does the authoroes e au orof Hebrews use Melchizedekf Hebrews use Melchizedekto support his/hero support his/herChristologyhristology?? Melchidizek is mentioned 8 times inMelchidizek is mentioned 8 times in
Hebrews: 5:6, 5:10, 6:20, 7:1,10,11,Hebrews: 5:6, 5:10, 6:20, 7:1,10,11,
15, 1715, 17
Once in Genesis (14:18)Once in Genesis (14:18) Once in Ps 110:4Once in Ps 110:4
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Hebrews 5:ebrews 5: 4 And no one takes the honor to himself, but
receives itwhen he is called by God, even as
Aaron was.
5 So also Christ did not glorify Himself so as to
become a high priest, but He who said to Him,"YOU ARE MY SON, TODAY I HAVE
BEGOTTEN YOU";
6 just as He says also in anotherpassage,
"YOU ARE A PRIEST FOREVERACCORDING TO THE ORDER OF
MELCHIZEDEK."
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Hebrews 5 8 Although He was a Son, He learned
obedience from the things which He suffered.
9 And having been made perfect, He becameto all those who obey Him the source of eternal
salvation,
10 being designated by God as a highpriest according to the order of
Melchizedek.
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Hebrews 6ebrews 620 where Jesus has entered as a
forerunner for us, having become a
high priest forever according to theorder of Melchizedek.
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Hebrews 7:Hebrews 7:
1 For this Melchizedek, king of Salem,
priest of the Most High God, who met
Abraham as he was returning from the
slaughter of the kings and blessed him,2 to whom also Abraham apportioned a
tenth part of all the spoils, was first of all,
by the translation of his name, king ofrighteousness, and then also king of
Salem, which is king of peace.
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3 Without father, without mother, withoutgenealogy, having neither beginning of
days nor end of life, but made like theSon of God, he remains a priestperpetually.
4 Now observe how great this man was
to whom Abraham, the patriarch, gave atenth of the choicest spoils.
5 And those indeed of the sons of Levi
who receive the priest's office havecommandment in the Law to collect atenth from the people, that is, from theirbrethren, although these are descended
from Abraham.
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6 But the one whose genealogy is nottraced from them collected a tenthfrom Abraham and blessed the onewho had the promises.
7 But without any dispute the lesseris blessed by the greater.
8 In this case mortal men receivetithes, but in that case one receivesthem, of whom it is witnessed that helives on.
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9 And, so to speak, through Abraham
even Levi, who received tithes, paid
tithes, 10 for he was still in the loins of his
father when Melchizedek met him.
11 Now if perfection was through theLevitical priesthood (for on the basis of
it the people received the Law), what
further need was there for anotherpriest to arise according to the order of
Melchizedek, and not be designated
according to the order of Aaron?
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12 For when the priesthood is changed,of necessity there takes place a change
of law also. 13 For the one concerning whom these
things are spoken belongs to another
tribe, from which no one has officiated atthe altar.
14 For it is evident that our Lord wasdescended from Judah, a tribe with
reference to which Moses spoke nothingconcerning priests.
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15 And this is clearer still, if another
priest arises according to the likeness of
Melchizedek,
16 who has become such not on the
basis of a law of physical requirement,
but according to the power of an
indestructible life.
17 For it is attested of Him, "YOU ARE A
PRIEST FOREVER ACCORDING TOTHE ORDER OF MELCHIZEDEK."
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Genesis: 14: 17-20enesis: 14: 17-20
17 Then after his return from the defeat ofChedorlaomer and the kings who were withhim, the king of Sodom went out to meet him atthe valley of Shaveh (that is, the King's Valley).18 And Melchizedek king of Salem brought out
bread and wine; now he was a priest of GodMost High.
19 He blessed him and said, "Blessed beAbram of God Most High, Possessor of heavenand earth; 20 And blessed be God Most High,Who has delivered your enemies into yourhand." He gave him a tenth of all.
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Ps 110:4 Psalm 110:4 4 The LORD has sworn
and will not change His mind, "You are a
priest forever According to the orderof Melchizedek."
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Where to begin?here to begin? Who was the author of Hebrews?Who was the author of Hebrews?
Date?Date?
Who was author of Gen 18:14Who was author of Gen 18:14 When?When?
Who was the author of Ps 110Who was the author of Ps 110
WhenWhen
How does the author of Hebrews come to hisHow does the author of Hebrews come to hisdescriptions about Melchizidekdescriptions about Melchizidek
Why?Why?
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Check the translations heck the translations Genesisenesis
BGT Genesis14:18 kai.Melcisedekbasileu.j Salhmevxh,negken
a;rtouj kai. oi=nonh=n de. i`ereu.jtou/ qeou/ tou/u`yi,stou
LXE Genesis 14:18
And Melchisedecking of Salembrought forth loavesand wine, and hewas the priest of themost high God.
NET Genesis 14:18Melchizedek king of
Salem brought outbread and wine.(Now he was thepriest of the MostHigh God.)
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14:18 46 sn Salem is traditionally identified as the
Jebusite stronghold of old Jerusalem.
Accordingly, there has been much speculationabout its king. Though some have identified
him with the preincarnate Christ or with Noah's
son Shem, it is far more likely that Melchizedek
was a Canaanite royal priest whom God used
to renew the promise of the blessing to Abram,
perhaps because Abram considered
Melchizedek his spiritual superior.
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But Melchizedek remains an enigma. In a
book filled with genealogical records he
appears on the scene without a genealogy and
then disappears from the narrative. In
Psalm 110 the LORD declares that the Davidic
king is a royal priest after the pattern of
Melchizedek.
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47 tn The parenthetical disjunctive clausesignificantly identifies Melchizedek as a priestas well as a king.
sn It is his royal priestly status that makesMelchizedek a type of Christ: He was identifiedwith Jerusalem, superior to the ancestor ofIsrael, and both a king and a priest. Unlike thenormal Canaanites, this man served "God MostHigh" (!Ayl.[, lae, 'el'elyon) one sovereignGod, who was the creator of all the universe.
Abram had in him a spiritual brother.
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Ps 110:4s 110:4 `qd
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Net Bible Notes on PS 110:4
16 sn You are an eternal priest. The Davidicking exercised a non-Levitical priestly role. The
king superintended Judah's cultic ritual, had
authority over the Levites, and sometimes led
in formal worship. David himself instructed theLevites to bring the ark of the covenant to
Jerusalem (1Chr15:1115), joined the
procession, offered sacrifices, wore a priestly
ephod, and blessed the people (
2 Sam 6:1219). At the dedication of the
temple Solomon led the ceremony, offering
sacrifices and praying on behalf of the people (1K s8 .
http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch19647/BwRefEE('1Ch%2015:11-15')http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch19647/BwRefEE('1Ch%2015:11-15')http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch19647/BwRefEE('1Ch%2015:11-15')http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch19647/BwRefEE('2Sa%206:12-19')http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch19647/BwRefEE('1Ki%208')http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch19647/BwRefEE('1Ki%208')http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch19647/BwRefEE('1Ki%208')http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch19647/BwRefEE('1Ki%208')http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch19647/BwRefEE('1Ki%208')http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch19647/BwRefEE('1Ki%208')http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch19647/BwRefEE('2Sa%206:12-19')http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch19647/BwRefEE('1Ch%2015:11-15')http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch19647/BwRefEE('1Ch%2015:11-15')http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch19647/BwRefEE('1Ch%2015:11-15') -
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18 sn The Davidic king's priestly role isanalogous to that ofMelchizedek, who was
both "king of Salem" (i.e., Jerusalem) and a"priest of God Most High" in the time ofAbraham (Gen 14:1820). Like Melchizedek,the Davidic king was a royal priest, distinctfrom the Aaronic line (see Heb 7). The analogyfocuses on the king's priestly role; the languageneed not imply that Melchizedek himself was"an eternal priest."
http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch19647/BwRefEE('Gen%2014:18-20')http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch19647/BwRefEE('Heb%207')http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch19647/BwRefEE('Heb%207')http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch19647/BwRefEE('Gen%2014:18-20') -
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Early conjecturesabout the why Non Levitical
Priest
King
Jesus is from line of Judah/David
Appointed to priestly role didntinherit it
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As many scholars have noted, the poetsAs many scholars have noted, the poetsattempt to present the king as both monarchattempt to present the king as both monarchand priest suggests that this particular psalmand priest suggests that this particular psalm
was composed not for a Davidic king, but forwas composed not for a Davidic king, but forone of the Hasmoneans, non-Davidicone of the Hasmoneans, non-DavidicMaccabean rulers who reigned in Judah fromMaccabean rulers who reigned in Judah fromabout 142-63 BCE. Although they were notabout 142-63 BCE. Although they were notdescended from the Aaronic line of priests, thedescended from the Aaronic line of priests, the
Hasmoneans appropriated the office of HighHasmoneans appropriated the office of HighPriest as well as that of king. They may havePriest as well as that of king. They may havetried to legitimize their holding both offices bytried to legitimize their holding both offices byclaiming descent from the king-priestclaiming descent from the king-priest
Melchizedek. (psalms that eventually becameMelchizedek. (psalms that eventually becamepart of the canon then were still beingpart of the canon then were still beingcomposed in the late second or early 1st Ccomposed in the late second or early 1st CBCEBCE (Harris,(Harris, Understanding the BIble)Understanding the BIble)
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Who were theauthors?
Hebrews (more a sermon than epistle) Hebrews (more a sermon than epistle) Paul Paul BarnabasBarnabas,, ApollosApollos, Clement,, Clement,
LukeLuke Genesis 14:18 JGenesis 14:18 J
Ps 110- (2 brief oracles, v 1 & 4) David 9Ps 110- (2 brief oracles, v 1 & 4) David 9C BCE or someone in the MaccabeanC BCE or someone in the Maccabeanperiod 2 BCEperiod 2 BCE
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When? Hebrews - 62 or 63 CEHebrews - 62 or 63 CE
Genesis 14:18 Proponents of the DocumentaryGenesis 14:18 Proponents of the Documentary
Hypothesis view the Melchizedek narrative as aHypothesis view the Melchizedek narrative as afragment from a once independent tradition concerningfragment from a once independent tradition concerningJerusalem that the Yahwist inserted awkwardly into theJerusalem that the Yahwist inserted awkwardly into thesurrounding narrative concerning the battle.surrounding narrative concerning the battle.
J was composedJ was composed cc850 BC and later incorporated into the Torah850 BC and later incorporated into the Torah((cc400 BC).400 BC).[[
Ps 110:4 Final form of Psalter around 3BCE, DavidsPs 110:4 Final form of Psalter around 3BCE, Davidsreign , late 10reign , late 10thth C BCEC BCE
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Which came first? Thehich came first? ThePsalm or Genesis?salm or Genesis? Was the passage inserted in GenesisWas the passage inserted in Genesis
based on Ps 110, or Ps 110 on Genesisbased on Ps 110, or Ps 110 on Genesis
or are they independent of each other?or are they independent of each other?
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Background info:ackground info: Melchizedeks name = Zedek is my kingMelchizedeks name = Zedek is my king
or My king is righteous. (Theres aor My king is righteous. (Theres a
Canaanite deity with that name, too)Canaanite deity with that name, too) King of Salem (aka Jerusalem) peaceKing of Salem (aka Jerusalem) peace
Priest of El Elyon - most high God,Priest of El Elyon - most high God,
interpreted as Yahwehinterpreted as Yahweh Some scholars think it refers to ZedekSome scholars think it refers to Zedek
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Where else to look?here else to look?TorahTorah
TargumTargum
MidrashMidrash
Extra canonicalExtra canonical
JosephusJosephus
PhiloPhilo
JubileesJubilees
2 Enoch2 Enoch
Genesis ApocryphaGenesis Apocrypha
Pseudo-EupolemosPseudo-Eupolemos
MacabeesMacabees
QumranQumran
Nag HammadiNag Hammadi GnosticGnostic
Pistis SophiaPistis Sophia
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Qumran -umran - Genesis Apocryphon: amounts to aGenesis Apocryphon: amounts to a
translation of Genesis 14:18-20 withtranslation of Genesis 14:18-20 with
additions (latter part of 1additions (latter part of 1stst
C latter partC latter partof 1of 1stst C CE) Melchizedek brings out foodC CE) Melchizedek brings out food
and drink and all the men who were withand drink and all the men who were with
him; confirms Abraham gave tithe tohim; confirms Abraham gave tithe toMelchizedek and not the other wayMelchizedek and not the other way
aroundaround
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Qumran 11Qumran 11Q Eschatological figureEschatological figure
Badly preserved fragmented text, lacunae Badly preserved fragmented text, lacunae difficult to translatedifficult to translate
Date around middle of 1Date around middle of 1stst C CEC CE Superior being of some sort who will appear atSuperior being of some sort who will appear at
the end of days to bring atonement for the sonsthe end of days to bring atonement for the sonsof light and who is the direct opponent of Belial.of light and who is the direct opponent of Belial.
Melchizedek as Elohim expresses theMelchizedek as Elohim expresses thejudgments of El in the heavenly assembly andjudgments of El in the heavenly assembly and
is also the one who will exact the penalties,is also the one who will exact the penalties,aided by the angelsaided by the angels The anointed one is a prophet who announcesThe anointed one is a prophet who announces
the reign of Melchizedekthe reign of Melchizedek
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Philohilo Mentions Melchizedek in (Legum AllegoriaeMentions Melchizedek in (Legum Allegoriae
3.79-82; De Congressu 89; De Abrahamo 235).3.79-82; De Congressu 89; De Abrahamo 235).
Philo interprets the text of Genesis in aPhilo interprets the text of Genesis in aPlatonic-allegorical fashion,Platonic-allegorical fashion,
Sees in Melchizedek a reference to the divineSees in Melchizedek a reference to the divineLogos,Logos, the thought of God in which the patternthe thought of God in which the patternof all existing things is conceived and theof all existing things is conceived and the"image" of God according to which man was"image" of God according to which man wascreated.created.
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2 ENOCHENOCH 2 Enoch, attests to early Jewish interest2 Enoch, attests to early Jewish interest
in the figure of Melchizedek. The datein the figure of Melchizedek. The dateand place of this document areand place of this document are
controversial, but recent scholarshipcontroversial, but recent scholarship
places its original Greek version in theplaces its original Greek version in thefirst century A.D. in Alexandriafirst century A.D. in Alexandria
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In this text (chaps. 71-72), a child is born miraculously toIn this text (chaps. 71-72), a child is born miraculously toNoah's recently deceased sister-in-law, and the child,Noah's recently deceased sister-in-law, and the child,marked on his chest with a priestly seal, speaks andmarked on his chest with a priestly seal, speaks andpraises God. The boy is named Melchizedek by Noahpraises God. The boy is named Melchizedek by Noahand his brother Nir, whose wife had been posthumouslyand his brother Nir, whose wife had been posthumouslydelivered. In a night vision Nir is told of the impendingdelivered. In a night vision Nir is told of the impendingflood; he is also informed that the archangel Michael willflood; he is also informed that the archangel Michael will
bring Melchizedek to paradise, thus enabling him tobring Melchizedek to paradise, thus enabling him toescape the flood waters. Melchizedek will eventuallyescape the flood waters. Melchizedek will eventuallybecome the chief of priests among the people, and inbecome the chief of priests among the people, and inthe end of days he will be revealed yet another time asthe end of days he will be revealed yet another time asthe chief priest. In this text, Melchizedek has threethe chief priest. In this text, Melchizedek has threedifferent earthly manifestations: born before the Flood,different earthly manifestations: born before the Flood,serving in the postdiluvian age as a great priest, andserving in the postdiluvian age as a great priest, andfunctioning in the end-time as a messianic priest (cf.functioning in the end-time as a messianic priest (cf.Gruenewald, pp. 90-92; Delcor, pp. 127-30).Gruenewald, pp. 90-92; Delcor, pp. 127-30).
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Nag Hammadiag Hammadi A fragmentary text from Nag Hammadi (IX.1:A fragmentary text from Nag Hammadi (IX.1:
Melchizedek; cf. Pearson, 1981, pp. 19-85)Melchizedek; cf. Pearson, 1981, pp. 19-85)contains an apocalypse given by angels tocontains an apocalypse given by angels to
Melchizedek, "priest of God Most High." It isMelchizedek, "priest of God Most High." It isrevealed to Melchizedek that he will ultimatelyrevealed to Melchizedek that he will ultimatelyreappear as Jesus Christ, Son of God, to doreappear as Jesus Christ, Son of God, to dobattle with the cosmic forces of darkness. Herebattle with the cosmic forces of darkness. Here
one can see influence not only from the Epistleone can see influence not only from the Epistleto the Hebrews but also from non-Christianto the Hebrews but also from non-Christianlore.lore.
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Pistis Sophia, Book 4istis Sophia, Book 4 The most developed levels of speculation onThe most developed levels of speculation on
Melchizedek, also lacking any influence fromMelchizedek, also lacking any influence fromHebrews, are found in Pistis Sophia, Book 4, inHebrews, are found in Pistis Sophia, Book 4, in
which Melchizedek plays a key role in thewhich Melchizedek plays a key role in theprocess of purifying human souls for entry intoprocess of purifying human souls for entry intothe "Treasury of Light" and transferring themthe "Treasury of Light" and transferring themfrom the domain of the archons, or earthlyfrom the domain of the archons, or earthlyrulers, to that heavenly region. The youngerrulers, to that heavenly region. The younger
material in books 1-3 of Pistis Sophia developsmaterial in books 1-3 of Pistis Sophia developsthese ideas further: Melchizedek is a heavenlythese ideas further: Melchizedek is a heavenlybeing who seals the saved souls upon theirbeing who seals the saved souls upon theirentry into the realm of light.entry into the realm of light.
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Jubileesubilees Jubilees 1322-27 tells Genesis story Jubilees 1322-27 tells Genesis story
missing verses/blank space Is it themissing verses/blank space Is it the
narrative on Melchizidek that would be innarrative on Melchizidek that would be inthe missing verses???the missing verses???
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Josephus & othersosephus & othersMELCHIZEDEK AS A QUASI-MELCHIZEDEK AS A QUASI-HISTORICAL FIGURE. He is mentionedHISTORICAL FIGURE. He is mentioned
fairly frequently in Second Templefairly frequently in Second Temple
literature, but often in what could beliterature, but often in what could becalled "historical" rather than mediatorialcalled "historical" rather than mediatorial
contexts. Josephus (Ant. 1.10.2) and thecontexts. Josephus (Ant. 1.10.2) and the
Genesis Apocryphon (col. 22)Genesis Apocryphon (col. 22)
paraphrase the passage in Genesis andparaphrase the passage in Genesis and
explictly identify Salem with Jerusalem.explictly identify Salem with Jerusalem.
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Pseudo-Eupolemos (Praep. Evan. 9.17.6)Pseudo-Eupolemos (Praep. Evan. 9.17.6)refers to him briefly as the ruler of a cityrefers to him briefly as the ruler of a city(which one is not clear) and a priest of(which one is not clear) and a priest ofGod who gave gifts to Abraham. He isGod who gave gifts to Abraham. He isalso mentioned in the Hellenisticalso mentioned in the Hellenistic
Synagogal Prayers (from books 7-8 ofSynagogal Prayers (from books 7-8 ofthe Apostolic Constitutions), prayers thatthe Apostolic Constitutions), prayers thatare Christian in their current form, butare Christian in their current form, butthat seem to draw on Jewish Greekthat seem to draw on Jewish Greek
material from the early centuries C.E. Butmaterial from the early centuries C.E. Buthe doesn't function as a divine mediatorhe doesn't function as a divine mediatorin any of these texts.in any of these texts.
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Church fathershurch fathers
The church fathers attest to several heterodoxThe church fathers attest to several heterodoxideas associated with Melchizedek.ideas associated with Melchizedek.
Hippolytus of Rome (Refutatio 7.35-36) andHippolytus of Rome (Refutatio 7.35-36) and
Epiphanius of Salamis (Panarion 55) are theEpiphanius of Salamis (Panarion 55) are the
most important witnesses to a group of hereticsmost important witnesses to a group of hereticscalled Melchizedekians. They had a lowcalled Melchizedekians. They had a low
Christology and exalted Melchizedek as aChristology and exalted Melchizedek as a
heavenly power superior to Christ. Othersheavenly power superior to Christ. Others
equated Melchizedek with the Holy Spiritequated Melchizedek with the Holy Spirit(Panarion 67),(Panarion 67),
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and some "even in the true church" (i.e., notand some "even in the true church" (i.e., not
"heretics") naively regarded Melchizedek as"heretics") naively regarded Melchizedek as
the Son of God (Panarion 55.7.3). The laterthe Son of God (Panarion 55.7.3). The later
view seems also to have been present amongview seems also to have been present among
the monasteries of Egypt (Apophthegmatathe monasteries of Egypt (Apophthegmata
Patrum, in Patrologia Graeca 65.160) and wasPatrum, in Patrologia Graeca 65.160) and waseven defended in a treatise on Melchizedek byeven defended in a treatise on Melchizedek by
a fifth-century resident of the Judean desert,a fifth-century resident of the Judean desert,
Mark the Hermit (PG 65.1117-40). Such viewsMark the Hermit (PG 65.1117-40). Such views
were eventually overcome by teacher-bishopswere eventually overcome by teacher-bishopssuch as Cyril of Alexandria (PG 65.160).such as Cyril of Alexandria (PG 65.160).
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Rabinicalabinical
On the Jewish side, while early rabbisOn the Jewish side, while early rabbiscontinued to speculate on Melchizedek's role incontinued to speculate on Melchizedek's role in
scripture (e.g., equating him with Shem, son ofscripture (e.g., equating him with Shem, son of
Noah; cf. b. Nedarim 32b; Midrash Gen. R.Noah; cf. b. Nedarim 32b; Midrash Gen. R.
44.7; Targum Ps.-J. Gen. 14:18), a major44.7; Targum Ps.-J. Gen. 14:18), a majorstream of rabbinic tradition viewed Melchizedekstream of rabbinic tradition viewed Melchizedek
negatively, a fact that indicates some Jewishnegatively, a fact that indicates some Jewish
sensitivity to the use of Melchizedek traditionssensitivity to the use of Melchizedek traditions
by Christians (Gianotto, pp. 172-85).by Christians (Gianotto, pp. 172-85).
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SoSome possibilitiesoSome possibilitiesIs Melchizedek historical figure priestIs Melchizedek historical figure priest
king of Salem who turned his role over toking of Salem who turned his role over toAbraham? -Abraham? -
11stst Priest of GodPriest of God
Son of Shem, the son of Noah?Son of Shem, the son of Noah?
The chief heavenly eternal priest?The chief heavenly eternal priest?
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Is Melchizedek a warrier angel?Is Melchizedek a warrier angel?
Is Melchizedek Jesus/LogosIs Melchizedek Jesus/Logos Oris Jesus really Melchizidek?Oris Jesus really Melchizidek?
Or the Holy Spirit?Or the Holy Spirit?
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Next steps?ext steps? Try to get to primary vs. secondaryTry to get to primary vs. secondary
sourcessources The Melchizedek TraditionThe Melchizedek Tradition by Frankby Frank
Horton seemsHorton seems
authoritative/reliable/thoroughauthoritative/reliable/thorough Any suggestions?Any suggestions?
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8/2/2019 Ltsg Ot in Nt Melchidizedek
45/45
Referenceseferences Dead Sea Scrolls, A New TranslationDead Sea Scrolls, A New Translation. Michael Wise, Martin Abegg, Jr., & Edward Cook.. Michael Wise, Martin Abegg, Jr., & Edward Cook.
NY:HarperSanFrancisco,1996 p.83NY:HarperSanFrancisco,1996 p.83
Harris, Stephen L.Harris, Stephen L. Understanding the Bible.Understanding the Bible. Mountain View, CA:Mayfield Publishing, 2000Mountain View, CA:Mayfield Publishing, 2000 Horton, Fred L. Jr.Horton, Fred L. Jr. The Melchizedek TraditionThe Melchizedek Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1976.1976. Juel, Donald.Juel, Donald. Messianic ExegesisMessianic Exegesis. Philadelphia:Fortress, 1988.. Philadelphia:Fortress, 1988. Kaiser, Walter C.Kaiser, Walter C. The Messiah in the Old TestamentThe Messiah in the Old Testament. Grand Rapids:Zondervan, 1984. Grand Rapids:Zondervan, 1984 Kugel, James L.Kugel, James L.The Bible as It Was.The Bible as It Was. Cambridge, Mass:Belknap Press, 1997.Cambridge, Mass:Belknap Press, 1997. New English translation New Testament 27New English translation New Testament 27thth Ed. Dallas:Net Bible Press, 2004.Ed. Dallas:Net Bible Press, 2004.
The ScripturesThe Scriptures. Northriding, South Africa:Institute for Scripture Research, 2002. Northriding, South Africa:Institute for Scripture Research, 2002 http://http://www.abu.nb.ca/courses/NewTestament/Hebrews/Melch.ht mwww.abu.nb.ca/courses/NewTestament/Hebrews/Melch.htm http://http://users.aristotle.net/~bhuie/melchiz.htmusers.aristotle.net/~bhuie/melchiz.htm http://assets.cambridge.org/97805210/18715/toc/9780521018715_toc.pdfhttp://assets.cambridge.org/97805210/18715/toc/9780521018715_toc.pdf http://http://www.biblestudy.org/basicart/whomelcz.htmlwww.biblestudy.org/basicart/whomelcz.html http://http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/melchizedek.htm lwww.earlychristianwritings.com/melchizedek.html http://www.gnosis.org/naghamm/melchiz.htmlhttp://www.gnosis.org/naghamm/melchiz.html
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