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M Sarwar Jahan M Sarwar Jahan Pulp and Paper Research Division, BCSIR Pulp and Paper Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Dhaka, Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda Laboratories, Dhaka, Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda
Road, Dhaka-1205, BangladeshRoad, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
Evaluation of Cooking Processes Evaluation of Cooking Processes for for Trema orientalisTrema orientalis (Nalita) Pulping (Nalita) Pulping
IUFRO ALL Division 5 Conference : Pulp and Paper B
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Lay-out of the presentationLay-out of the presentation
IntroductionIntroduction
Pulping of Pulping of T. orientalisT. orientalis in different processes in different processes
Pre-bleaching of Pre-bleaching of T. orientalisT. orientalis pulp in different pulp in different
processesprocesses
ECF and TCF bleachingECF and TCF bleaching
ConclusionsConclusions
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Present scenario of Pulp and Paper Mill in Present scenario of Pulp and Paper Mill in Bangladesh Bangladesh
Raw materialsRaw materials
Kharnaphuli Pulp and Paper Mills(KPM)Kharnaphuli Pulp and Paper Mills(KPM)
Kharnaphuli Rayon MillKharnaphuli Rayon Mill
Sylhet Pulp and Paper Mills (SPPM)Sylhet Pulp and Paper Mills (SPPM)
North-Bengal Pulp and Paper MillsNorth-Bengal Pulp and Paper Mills
Khulna Newsprient MillsKhulna Newsprient Mills
Gmelina arborea Gmelina arborea
BambooBamboo
Albizzia Moluccana Albizzia Moluccana ReedsReeds
BagasseBagasse
Gewa (Gewa (Excoecaria Excoecaria agallochaagallocha))
}}
26 paper mills based on recycled and imported pulp26 paper mills based on recycled and imported pulp
IntroductionIntroduction
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Allocated Forestland for KPM: 51,000 haAllocated Forestland for KPM: 51,000 ha
Allocated Forestland for SPPM: 24,000 haAllocated Forestland for SPPM: 24,000 ha
Forestland in Bangladesh: 10.2 %Forestland in Bangladesh: 10.2 %
Population density: 1079/ KmPopulation density: 1079/ Km22
It is almost impossible to increase forestland for industry. So we have to It is almost impossible to increase forestland for industry. So we have to increase fiber yield using existing allocated forestland.increase fiber yield using existing allocated forestland.
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The most potential fast growing species in The most potential fast growing species in the environment of Bangladeshthe environment of Bangladesh
Exotic species-Exotic species- RaintreeRaintree ((Samanea samanSamanea saman), ), Acacia Acacia
spp.spp., , Eucalyptus spp.Eucalyptus spp.
Native species- Native species- Gmelina arborea, Gmelina arborea,
A species named A species named Trema orientalisTrema orientalis has has been found which has faster growth than been found which has faster growth than any other species in Bangladeshany other species in Bangladesh
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Trema orientalisTrema orientalis garden garden
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Cross section three years old Cross section three years old Nalita stemNalita stem
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α-cellulose α-cellulose %%
pentosanpentosan
%%
LigninLignin
%%
Fiber lengthFiber length
mmmm
48-5048-50 22-2322-23 20-2420-24 0.830.83
Chemical and morphological properties of Chemical and morphological properties of trema orientalistrema orientalis
Trema orientalisTrema orientalis can substitute of short length fibrous raw can substitute of short length fibrous raw material in pulp mill, which is needed for printing quality material in pulp mill, which is needed for printing quality paperpaper
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GoalGoal
Increased fiber yield for pulpingIncreased fiber yield for pulping Increased pulp yieldIncreased pulp yieldBetter bleachingBetter bleaching
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Cooking processCooking processSodaSodaSoda-anthraquinone (AQ)Soda-anthraquinone (AQ)KraftKraftAlkaline-sulfite-AQ-MeOH (ASAM)Alkaline-sulfite-AQ-MeOH (ASAM)Formic acidFormic acidAcetic acidAcetic acid
PulpingPulping
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SodaSoda Soda-Soda-AQAQ
KraftKraft ASAMASAM Acetic Acetic acidacid
Formic Formic acidacid
AA, % as NaAA, % as Na22OO
AQ, %AQ, %Sulphidity, %Sulphidity, %Methanol. % (v/v)Methanol. % (v/v)NaNa
22SOSO33: NaOH: NaOH
Acetic acid, %Acetic acid, %Formic acid, %Formic acid, %Material : Liquor ratioMaterial : Liquor ratioTemperature, Temperature, ooCCTime at max temp., minTime at max temp., min
1717------------
1:4.51:4.5170170120120
17170.10.1----------
1:4.51:4.5170170120120
1717--
3030--------
1:4.51:4.5170170120120
17170.10.1--
202080:2080:20
----
1:4.51:4.5180180120120
----------
90*90*--
1:101:10107107120120
------------
90901:101:10107107120120
Cooking conditions of different Cooking conditions of different pulping processespulping processes
*0.2% HCl*0.2% HCl
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SodaSoda Soda-Soda-AQAQ
KraftKraft ASAMASAM Acetic Acetic acidacid
Formic Formic acidacid
Screened yield, %Screened yield, %Reject, %Reject, %Total yield, %Total yield, %Kappa numberKappa numberViscosity, mPa.sViscosity, mPa.s
44.844.80.20.2
45.045.020.820.815.515.5
45.945.90.20.2
46.146.118.418.416.616.6
45.345.30.20.2
45.545.510.810.813.413.4
51.751.71.11.1
52.852.813.413.430.430.4
56.056.000
56.056.039.139.121.821.8
55.955.900
55.955.934.134.115.715.7
Results of Results of Trema orientalisTrema orientalis pulping pulping in different processes in different processes
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Comparison of pulping processes Comparison of pulping processes relative to soda processrelative to soda process
1.1
-2.4
1.10.5
-10
-2.1
7.8
-7.4
14.9
11
13.3
0.2
10.9
18.3
6.3
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Yield Kappa number Viscosity
Pro
pert
ies
rela
tive
to s
oda
proc
ess
Soda-AQKraftASAMFormic acidAcetic acid
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In papermaking, it is common practice to In papermaking, it is common practice to refine/beat pulp for improving strength refine/beat pulp for improving strength properties by mechanical treatment of properties by mechanical treatment of fiber, which facilitates fiber bonding.fiber, which facilitates fiber bonding.
Evaluation of papermaking Evaluation of papermaking propertiesproperties
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Revolution
o SR
SodaSoda-AQKraftASAM
Beatability of different pulps of Beatability of different pulps of T. orientalisT. orientalis
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SR number Vs tensile of SR number Vs tensile of trema trema orientalisorientalis pulp pulp
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 20 40 60 80SR number
Ten
sile
inde
x. N
.m/g
SodaSoda-AQKraftASAM
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SR number vs burst of SR number vs burst of trema trema orientalisorientalis pulp pulp
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 20 40 60 80
SR value
Bu
rst
ind
ex, k
Pa.
m2 /g
SodaSoda-AQKraftASAM
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SR number vs tear of SR number vs tear of trema trema orientalisorientalis pulp pulp
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
15 30 45 60 75
SR number
Tea
r in
dex
, mN
.m2 /g
SodaSoda-AQKraftASAM
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SR number SR number vsvs double fold no. of double fold no. of Trema Trema orientalisorientalis pulps pulps
1
10
100
1000
10000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
SR value
Dou
ble f
old
num
ber
Soda
Soda-AQ
Kraft
ASAM
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OxygenOxygenXylanaseXylanasePeroxyacidPeroxyacid
PrebleachingPrebleaching
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14.8 14.8
21.2
8.410.410.1
7.7
2
43.7
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Kappa drop, % Viscosity drop,%
Brightnessgain, %
O
PFA
X
Effect of prebleaching in soda pulpEffect of prebleaching in soda pulp
O-oxygen, PFA-Peroxyformic acid, X-Xylanase
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40.8
47
12.615.8
39.8
1
23.7
35.5
47.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Kappa drop, % Viscosity drop,%
Brightnessgain, %
O
PFA
X
Effect of prebleaching in soda-AQ pulpEffect of prebleaching in soda-AQ pulp
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40.7
9.7
15.5
24.1
17.2
2.7
28.4
13.4
45.4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Kappa drop, % Viscosity drop,%
Brightnessgain, %
O
PFA
X
Effect of prebleaching in kraft pulpEffect of prebleaching in kraft pulp
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50
34.9
15.714.2
43.4
0.2
10.2
33.2
53
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Kappa drop, % Viscosity drop,%
Brightnessgain, %
O
PFA
X
Effect of prebleaching in ASAM pulpEffect of prebleaching in ASAM pulp
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DEDDEDQPPQPP
BleachingBleaching
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PulpPulp ooSRSR TT TITI BIBI DFNDFN DD OO BB VV
Soda Soda DEDDED
QPPQPPSoda-AQ Soda-AQ
DED DED QPPQPP
Kraft Kraft DED DED QPPQPP
ASAM ASAM DED DED QPPQPP
42424141
42424141
41414343
41414343
37.737.738.538.5
42.242.239.139.1
31.731.734.434.4
48.548.542.542.5
6.66.65.85.8
8.48.48.58.5
7.97.98.88.8
10.610.610.510.5
3.13.13.23.2
3.23.23.73.7
3.03.03.13.1
4.94.94.34.3
114114128128
111111252252
4242175175
698698674674
0.5120.5120.5190.519
0.5640.5640.5490.549
0.5470.5470.5700.570
0.5340.5340.5780.578
87.687.687.987.9
87.487.486.686.6
88.188.186.786.7
88.888.883.783.7
79.879.874.674.6
76.076.073.273.2
80.980.977.377.3
86.186.179.179.1
10.110.110.610.6
12.412.411.911.9
10.610.610.310.3
13.113.113.413.4
T- T- Tensile index, N.m/g, TI-Tear index, mN.m2/g, BI- Burst index, kPa.m2/g DFN-Double fold number, D- Density, g/cc V-Viscosity, mPa.s, B- Brightness, %, O-Opacity, %
DED and QPP bleaching of oxygen DED and QPP bleaching of oxygen delignified different delignified different Trema orientalisTrema orientalis pulps pulps
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PulpPulp ooSRSR TT TITI BIBI DFNDFN DD OO BB VV
SodaSodaSoda-AQSoda-AQKraftKraftASAMASAM
3232363642423737
37.737.740.240.239.739.747.447.4
6.36.38.68.67.97.9
10.710.7
3.33.33.53.52.82.84.84.8
8282130130105105
12501250
0.5020.5020.5490.5490.6020.6020.5870.587
86.886.887.387.386.986.986.786.7
80.180.176.676.682.982.988.688.6
10.810.811.911.911.111.115.815.8
T- T- Tensile index, N.m/g, TI-Tear index, mN.m2/g, BI- Burst index, kPa.m2/g DFN-Double fold number, D- Density, g/cc V-Viscosity, mPa.s, B- Brightness, %, O-Opacity, %
DED bleaching of xylanase treated DED bleaching of xylanase treated different different Trema orientalisTrema orientalis pulps pulps
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68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
Soda Soda-AQ Kraft ASAM
Oxygen
Xylanase
Comparison of DED bleaching between oxygen Comparison of DED bleaching between oxygen and and xylanase xylanase delignified pulpdelignified pulp
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PulpPulp ooSRSR TT TITI BIBI DFNDFN DD OO BB VV
SodaSodaSoda-AQSoda-AQKraftKraftASAMASAMFormic acidFormic acidAcetic acidAcetic acid
363635353535373745455151
35.435.438.238.238.538.541.941.919.419.427.427.4
5.15.14.74.79.99.9
10.910.96.46.44.34.3
1.61.62.02.02.12.14.04.01.91.91.01.0
111112123939
4654658866
0.5500.5500.5850.5850.5750.5750.5510.5510.4700.4700.3520.352
88.388.388.688.682.882.881.781.789.289.287.387.3
73.773.771.771.778.878.881.781.783.083.075.275.2
10.810.812.312.312.312.318.018.011.611.64.94.9
T- T- Tensile index, N.m/g, TI-Tear index, mN.m2/g, BI- Burst index, kPa.m2/g DFN-Double fold number, D- Density, g/cc V-Viscosity, mPa.s, B- Brightness, %, O-Opacity, %
QPP bleaching of peroxyformic acid treated Trema orientalis pulps
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CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS Trema orientalisTrema orientalis is a high biomass producing, shorter length fiber is a high biomass producing, shorter length fiber
tree for papermaking.tree for papermaking. It is a brighter in appearance thus easier to bleach.It is a brighter in appearance thus easier to bleach. The ASAM process produced pulp of higher yield, lower kappa The ASAM process produced pulp of higher yield, lower kappa
number, higher viscosity and initial brightness.number, higher viscosity and initial brightness. Prebleaching reduced kappa number by 10-50 % depending on Prebleaching reduced kappa number by 10-50 % depending on
prebleaching treatment. Oxygen prebleaching reduced the highest prebleaching treatment. Oxygen prebleaching reduced the highest kappa number. ASAM process showed the best and soda process kappa number. ASAM process showed the best and soda process showed the least results in oxygen treated DED and QPP showed the least results in oxygen treated DED and QPP bleaching.bleaching.
Enzyme prebleached pulp gave better brightness in subsequent Enzyme prebleached pulp gave better brightness in subsequent DED bleaching. ASAM process showed the best results in enzyme DED bleaching. ASAM process showed the best results in enzyme treated DED bleached pulp among the four processes.treated DED bleached pulp among the four processes.
Peroxyformic acid treated pulp responded very well in QPP Peroxyformic acid treated pulp responded very well in QPP bleaching. In this process, maximum brightness 83 % was attained bleaching. In this process, maximum brightness 83 % was attained in formic acid pulp, but strength properties were inferior.in formic acid pulp, but strength properties were inferior.
Soda-AQ pulp responded poor bleachability.Soda-AQ pulp responded poor bleachability.
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