Major Civil War Battles
• First Bull Run
• Gettysburg
• Atlanta
• Appomattox
• Antietam
• Vicksburg
Gettysburg
• Things To Picture• Date• Important People• Landmarks• The significance in the overall war
Ch 11 The Civil War
Gettysburg
Sec 1 Choosing Sides
• General Winfield Scott asked Robert E. Lee to command the Union Army
• However, Lee was from Virginia, so he chose to support and lead the confederacy
Advantages and Disadvantages
• 7 of the 8 military colleges in the nation were in the south
• ¾ of the U.S. Navy and officers were in the North
• All but one of the navy’s shipyards were under Union control
Advantages and Disadvantages
• North South- 2x the population -1/3 of the
+ − south population is enslaved
- Industry/Economy+ - Food supplies
- Extensive Railroads + − - Only 1 rail line
- National Treasury - Better military leaders
+
• Congress passed the Legal Tender Act – Feb. 1862, to allow the government to issue a national currency and start to print colored money called greenbacks
• The Union navy blockaded southern ports and cut off the south’s economy of trade
• In 1862 Congress required states to use conscription, or the draft
• This caused riots in many states
• Lincoln suspended writs of habeas corpus – a person’s right not to be imprisoned unless charged with a crime and given a trial
• He did so to silence anti-war critics in the North especially in border states
Weak Southern Government
• The Confederate Constitution limited Jefferson Davis’ powers much like the Articles of Confederation
First Modern War
• New cone shaped bullets were used
• Instead of standing in line troops started to use trenches and barricades to defend themselves
War Strategies
• Jefferson Davis wanted the war to be a Defensive war of attrition
• The Union plan was called the Anaconda Plan – this was proposed by Winfield Scott
Sec 2 The Early Stages
• In the first few months of the war Lincoln was under pressure to attack General PGT Beauregard and the confederates quickly
• The place would be south of Washington, near Manassas Junction
• Confederate reinforcements were led by Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
The Naval War
• Blockade Runners – smaller faster ships used to smuggle goods, became effective against the blockade
• Union ships led by David G. Farragut, captured New Orleans control of the Mississippi River 1862
The War in the West
• In Feb. 1862, Union General Ulysses S. Grant had victories at Forts Henry and Donelson
• The Union army won the Battle of Shiloh even after a surprise attack from the Confederates but twenty thousand troops were killed
War in the East
• George B McClellan took over the Union army after McDowell’s defeat at the First Bull Run
• The Union wanted to capture Richmond
• Lee then attacked the Union forces defending Washington and that became the second Battle of Bull Run
• Confederates troops won and were just 20 miles from Washington
• McClellan and his troops took position along Antietam Creek
• The Antietam victory was huge for the Union and devastating for the south
• This convinced Lincoln it was time to end slavery in the South
• On Sept 1862, Lincoln announced he would issue the Emancipation Proclamation
• Slaves would be free as of Jan 1, 1863 in the “states in rebellion”
Sec 3 Life During the War
• As the southern economy collapsed during the civil war, the north experienced a great time of growth and production
• African Americans were allowed to enlist in the Union army after the Emancipation proclamation
• The 54th Massachusetts was the first black regiment in the north and they were key in the battle of Fort Wagner
Medical Care
• Clara Barton was famous for her devotion and care of soldiers in the civil war
• Florence Nightingale – a British nurse was a huge influence on American women who wanted to go into nursing
Sec 4The Turning Point
• The Union army successfully completed their strategy of cutting the south into two with the battle of Vicksburg
• Grant put the city under siege and cut off its food supplies until confederate troops surrendered on July 4, 1863
Gettysburg
• Lincoln fired McClellan because he let Lee escape at Antietam
• He gave command to Ambrose Burnside
• Burnside attacked Lee at Fredericksburg (Chancellorsville) and the union army suffered enormous casualties
• Burnside was then replaced with Joseph Hooker
• Lee defeated Hooker and then attacked Pennsylvania
• Hooker was replaced with Gen. George Meade
• Meade and Lee would then meet up at Gettysburg
• Lee ordered Gen. George Pickett to charge 15,000 confederates at the Union
• The Confederacy lost 28,000 men, 1/3 of Lees’ army, the Union lost 23,000
• President Lincoln came to Gettysburg in November 1863 to dedicate the battlefield as a cemetery and delivered the Gettysburg Address
Sec 5 The War Ends
• On Sept 1, Sherman’s troops occupied the city of Atlanta and burned down 1/3 of the city
• Nov 15, 1864, Sherman started his March to the Sea
• He destroyed everything in his path until they reached the coast and seized Savannah on Dec. 21, 1864
• Lincoln won re-election in 1864 against his old General, McClellan
• The 13th Amendment – banned slavery in the U.S.
• Robert E. Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865
• April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth shot and killed Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre
• The civil war results…– The Union was preserved and strengthened
the power of federal government over the states
– Slavery was ended– The South’s society and economy were
devastated