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Contents
`
1. Introduction of KDHC
2. Types of waste to energy
3. Waste to energy of incinerator,
Case study
4. Refuse Derived Fuel(RDF) combustion
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Introduction of KDHC(Korea District Heating Corporation)
- Negative growth
- High inflation
- Imbalance of external accounts
<Long queue of line to buy oil>
Energy Efficiency?
Energy Security?
Two Oil Shocks in 1970s
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Introduction of KDHC
Establishment : 1985(Loan from ADB, US$32M, Repaid by 2003)
Seoul Mapo Area First District Heatiing Project
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Present status of KDHC
Name
Korea District Heating Corporation
Establishment
1985.11.1
Purpose
To save energy, to reduce pollution and
to increase the convenience of the public
Organization
1 CEO, 1 vice president, 2 headquarters,
14 divisions, 18 branch offices
About 1,700 employees
Major Business
Integrated Energy : District Heating and Cooling
Electricity
Renewable energy
Financial Status(as of 2014)
Asset : USD 4.7 billion / Sales : USD 2.1 billion
Sales volume
Heat : 1.4M households / Electricity : 1,631MW
Share Ownership
Government & Public Companies : 75%
Open to public in the stock market : 25%
Credit Rating
International : A1(Moody's)
National : AAA
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Waste To Energy ratio 25% and increasing
26.2%
59.1% 5.5%
25.0% 68.3%
15.9%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
`96 `97 `98 `99 `00 `01 `02 `03 `04 `05 `06 `07 `08 `09 `10 `11 `12
Landfilled
WTE
Recycled
• Reduction : control use of disposable goods, adopt volume-rate disposal system
• Reuse : adopt deposit system on empty bottles, plastic bags, and etc.
• Recycle : support recycling facilities, promote recycling industries
• WtE : support government aid, strengthen pollutant management
• Landfill : recover landfill gas, strengthen pollutant management
Policies for waste in Korea
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Types of Thermal Technology
Thermal
Technology
Mass Burn Incineration (MBI)
Advanced Thermal Treatment (ATT)
Mechanical Biological Treatment(MBT) + Refuse Derived Fuel(RDF) Combustion
Item Total Incineration Pyrolysis Gasification
Number of facility 184 167 13 4
Capacity(Ton/day) 17,207 15,739 1,355 113
*. Thermal treatment facility(over 100t/day) = 49 sites
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5 processes of Stoker Type
Delivery
∙Weighing station
∙Sliding gates to stop odors
Waste Pit
∙Waste storage
∙Waste cranes to mix waste
∙Fire-extinguishing system
Furnace
∙Feed hopper
∙Grate
∙Ram feeder
∙Primary air
∙Secondary air
∙Bottom ash extractor
Boiler
∙Steam production
∙Water / steam system
∙Electricity production
∙Districting heating / pocess
∙Steam
Flue gas treatment
∙Electrostatic precipitator
∙Reactor
∙Fabric filter
∙Scrubber
∙ID Fan
∙Stack
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4 major Incineration plants in Seoul(capacity 2850 t/d)
Nowon, 800t/d
Mapo, 750t/d
Yangchun, 400t/d
Gangnam, 900t/d
DH &DC plant(KDHC)
MP Inc.
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Environmental effect(Low pollutants)
NW
MP
YC
GN 0
0.05
0.1
MP NW GN YC
[ng/N
m3]
Dioxin (< 0.1)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
MP NW GN YC
[ppm
]
NOx (< 70)
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Status of energy supplied by KDHC using incinerator
The Number of Inc., connected to KDHC, has more than doubled since 2004.
811
1,080 1,181
1,275
1,615
1,924
2,066
1,896 1,968
1,903 1,966
5
7
9
11
13
15
-
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Nu
mb
er
of
INC
.
En
erg
y f
rom
IN
C.
[th
ou
sa
nd
MW
h]
Year
Energy from Incinerator
Number of Incinerator
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RDF
Combustion
MBT
Process
Mechanical Biological Treatment+Refuse Derived Fuel Combustion
Refuse Derived Fuel
Flue gas treatment RDF boiler
Steam turbine generator
Stack
※ Busan RDF production facility
Shredder Wind separator Size separator Magnetic separator Refuse Derived
Fuel
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Case Study : RDF Cogeneration(electricity + district heating)
Gwangju-Jeonnam New Town : 50thousand people, 20thousand household
Division Content
Capacity 22MW+52MWth
Fuel (RDF)
492ton/day
Area RDF MT(21,900㎡)
RDF CHP(111,274㎡)
Investment ($us million)
RDF MT(79)
RDF CHP(99)
Output (Estimation)
Elec. : 170GWe Heat : 349GWth
20
50
15
30
70
0.1 5
40
10 10
25
0.05
0
20
40
60
80
Dust CO HCl Sox Nox Dioxin
ppm
RDF CHP Environment Protection
Regulation by Gov. KDHC Design
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Nanji landfill, Korea
(1990)
Nanji landfill, Korea
(2014)
Case Study : Change of Nanji landfill site in Seoul
Worldcup Park(Nanji-do)