Download - Mammoth Product Training
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© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.
© 2006 CES Group - Confidential
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Mammoth Product Training
Evaporative Condensing
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EVAPORATIVE CONDENSING
What is it?
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Condensers
Condensers in refrigeration systems reject the heat absorbed by the refrigerant in the evaporator & the compressor KW (heat of compression)
Three typical Condenser types: Air, Water and Evaporative cooled
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The Power of Evaporation
The Thermodynamic Properties of Water at Saturation
Latent heat of vaporization = 1036 btu/lb H2O
Water changing state from liquid to gas at 100f absorbs 1036 btu/lb
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Evaporative Cooling Vs Evaporative Condensing
Both systems use evaporation of water to cool.
Evap cooling --- cools room air. Evap Condensing ---cools refrigerant gas, no
moisture is added to the space.
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Evaporative Condenser Construction
Draw Through Design.
Stainless Steel Housings and Sump.
Prime Copper Tube Bundle.
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EVAPORATIVE CONDENSING
How it works.
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How It Works
Water is sprayed over a finless condenser coil
Evaporation assists in the rejection of condenser heat to the atmosphere
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How it Works:Water Spray on Condenser Coil
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Why Evaporative Condensing?
30% to 40% less compressor KW consumed than air cooled condensing
Less Air over coil, therefore quieter than air cooled condensing
Less coil required so less space on roof for equipment than air cooled.
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ASHRAE Systems and Equipment Handbook
“In comparison with an air-cooled condenser, an evaporative condenser requires less coil surface and airflow to reject the same heat, or alternatively, greater operating efficiencies can be achieved by operating at a lower condensing temperature”
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ASHRAE Systems and Equipment Handbook
“Also, evaporative condensers typically provide lower condensing temperatures than the cooling tower/water-cooled condenser because the heat and mass transfer steps (between the refrigerant and the cooling water and between the water and ambient air) are more efficiently combined in a single piece of equipment”
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Evaporative Condensing
ARI - WB = 75
88 F
SCT = 95 to 105 F
SET = 45 F
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ASHRAE Systems and Equipment Handbook
“Evaporative condensers reduce the water pumping and chemical treatment requirements associated with cooling tower/refrigerant condenser systems”
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Water Consumption
Evaporated water of 1.6 gph/ton Nominal bleed rate of ½ evaporation rate Total water consumption of 2.4 gph/ton
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ASHRAE Systems and Equipment Handbook
“Evaporative condensers are, therefore, the most compact for a given capacity”
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How It Works
Condensing temperature becomes a function of the ambient wet bulb temp
The wet bulb depression under the dry bulb temperature, typically 15 to 30 degrees, leads to lower condensing temps than with air-cooled condensing
Design condensing temperatures range from 90 to 105 degrees
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Corresponding Pressure for R-22 Condensing Temp of 130F = 300psig
Corresponding Pressure for R-22 Condensing Temp of 100F = 200psigEvaporative
Condenser
Air-cooled Condenser
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Reduced Connected kW
Typical 100 TonAir Cooled Condenser
205 Operating Amps 135 kW
Typical 100 Ton Evap Cooled Condenser
157 Operating Amps 103 kW
Wire Size
# 350 MCM
Wire Size
# 2/0
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Where Can Evaporative Condensing be Used?
Base design is for 75 degree wet bulb temperatures
Only a few locations have up to a 81 degree design wet bulb
Can be used anywhere cooling towers are used
Appropriately applied everywhere
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Advantages over Air Cooled Packages
Better Acoustics▼ Because evap condensers move less air than air
cooled units they typically are quieter.▼ In many areas Lot line noise is becoming a real
issue. Greater Compressor Life
▼ Evap Condensing Compressors work at lower pressures compared to Compressors applied to Air Cooled Condensers and therefore should last longer
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Advantages over Air Cooled Packages
Typically a Smaller Footprint▼ Because evap condensers move less air than air
cooled units they typically are smaller.
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Lower amp draw▼ With lower amperage required, evap condensing can
be used for applications with limited existing power supply
Evap Condensing - Benefits:
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Lower Operating Cost
30-40% less compressor kW consumed than air-cooled condensing
Can compete favorably with centrifugal chilled water systems
Reduced kW is the result of lower condensing temperatures
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Evaporative CondenserConstruction Details
Ease of Serviceability Corrosion Resistance Long Life Reliability Quiet Operation Pleasing Aesthetics
Desirable Design Desirable Design Features:Features:
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To prevent the possibility of water getting into the building, use a continuously welded stainless steel pan under the sump
Evaporative CondenserConstruction Details
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Utilize a fully welded, double sloped stainless steel sump
Evaporative CondenserConstruction Details
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Interlocking stainless panels with no fasteners on the inside
Evaporative CondenserConstruction Details
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Stainless coil supports
Evaporative CondenserConstruction Details
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Stainless and ABS tube sheets
Evaporative CondenserConstruction Details
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Evap condenser coil in the sump
Evaporative CondenserConstruction Details
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Evaporative Condenser Construction Details
Spray Tree Assembly
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Evaporative CondenserConstruction Details
Moisture Eliminator
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Evaporative CondenserConstruction Details
Direct Drive Condenser Fans All Stainless Steel Mounting Frame
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Evaporative Condensing
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Condenser Top Hinges Up
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Direct Drive Fans
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Easy Access to Components
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Designed for Serviceability
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All Stainless Steel and Non-Corrosive
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Full Access to Condenser Coil
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Spray Nozzles Visible for Inspection
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Spray Nozzles
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Spray Nozzles
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Pump suction strainer easily removable without tools
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Pump suction strainer easily removable without tools
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Latest design enhancements– Ultraline evap condensers now available up to 350 tons– Penthouse up to 600 tons in a single sump– Sump basin is double-sloped to be self-draining– All water-side components made of non-corrosive
materials - even fan venturis are stainless steel– Condensers fans hinged for easy service access– Basin inlet opens up easily for complete access– Air and water flow increased for even greater efficiency
Evaporative Condensing
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Water Treatment
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Water Treatment Objectives
CONTROL and BALANCE of WATER CHEMISTRY to MINIMIZE:
▼ CORROSION▼ SCALE▼ BIOFOULING▼ USE of WATER
and to MAXIMIZE:▼ HEAT TRANSFER
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Chemical Treatment
Inhibitor- reduces scale and corrosion Biocide- alternate between two to prevents
biological contamination Chemical pumps- inject chemical into sump Controller- monitors water and activates
chemical pumps and bleed
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Chemical Water Treatment
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Effective Chemical Water Treatment
Maintain desired cycles of concentration Maintain prescribed biocide feed Maintain prescribed scale and corrosion
inhibitor feed Periodically monitor the system
In 4 Easy Steps!
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ASHRAE Systems and Equipment Handbook
“All evaporative condensers should be treated to restrict biological growth”
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Oxidizing Biocides
Chlorine Bromine Ozone Iodine
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Nonoxidizing Biocides
Mehtylene bis(thiocyanate) (MBT) Decyl thioethanamine (DTEA) Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate Dibromo-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA)
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Nonchemical Methods
Scale control▼ Magnetic and Electromagnetic cause minerals to
precipitate into particles that can be removed by blowdown or flushing
Biological control▼ Ozone▼ UV light▼ Copper and silver metallic ions (1 ppm)
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Solids Management:Sources Sump Debris
♦ Inorganic: dust, dirt, sand
♦ Organic: leaves, pollen, grass
♦ Dolphin “powder”
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Solution: Basin Sweeping
Reduces cleaning routines by 5x Controls solids build-up in tower basin
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Centrifugal Action Separator
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Separator
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Dedicated Pump
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Purge Filter (Optional)
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HydroBoosters: Pattern of Influence
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HydroBoosters: Installation Issues
Submergence: Only 2-3 inches required
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Sweeper in Mammoth Sump
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THANK YOU