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Managingclimatebasedvariabilityinthevineyard,wineryandglass
Cornelis(Kees)VANLEEUWEN,AgnèsDESTRACandLauredeRESSEGUIER
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Theroleofclimateinterroirexpression
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Op;mizingterroirexpression=ressourcemanagement
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CO2
waterlight
water minerals
temperature
ManagementpracKces
GrapequalitypotenKal
Winequality
- Eachterroiroffersadifferentsetofresources
- Temperature,light,CO2andwaterareressoucesrelatedtoclimate
- ViKculturalmanagementaimstoopKmizequalityandyieldgiventheavailableresources
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Temperature
- Impactonquality- Scaleissues- Management
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Condi;onsforproducinghighquality«terroir»wines
• Grapesmustreachfullripness• GrapesshouldnotripeninthehoVestpartoftheseason
• àIdealwindowforripeness:– betweenSeptember10andOctober15(NH)– March(SH)
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Climatevariabilityatmacroscale
6
hVp://climatedata.e-monsite.com/pages/climatologie-de-la-france/cartotheque.html hVp://www.canalmonde.fr/r-annuaire-tourisme/france/vignobles/vignoble-de-france.php
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Spa;alvariabilityoftemperatureinsidetheBordeauxwinegrowingarea
77 Bois,2007
Methodology:
1)Inputdatafrom80classicweatherstaKons
2)SpaKalmodel,usingenvironmentalco-variables
PauillacSt-EmilionPomerol
Sauternes
Pessac-Léognan
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Spa;alvariabilityoftemperatureinsideSaint-Emilion-Pomerol
8
Minimumtemperatures Maximumtemperatures
DeRességuierandvanLeeuwen,2016
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Microclimatevariability
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FuentesanddeBei,2012
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Spa;alamplitudeoftemperaturesatdifferentscales
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France(1981-2010)
Bordeaux(2003-2005)
Saint-Emilion–Pomerol
(2012-2014)
Lowestav.temp.(°C)
10.0(Reims)
13.1 13.5
Highestav.temp(°C)
15.8(Perpignan)
14.4 14.9
Amplitude(°C) 5.8 1.3 1.4
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Managingtemperaturesinthevineyard
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Varietychoicetoadapttomacroandmesoclima;ctemperaturevariability
• VarietychoiceiscriKcalfortheKmingofripenessintheidealwindow(10Sept.–15Oct.)
Dateofmid-veraisonVitAdaptproject,Bordeaux:25daysbetweenPinotnoirandPeKtVerdot
DestracandvanLeeuwen,unpublished
25days
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Parker,2012
Modelledsugarripeness(200g/L):50daysbetweenPinotnoirand
Zinfandel
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Trainingsystemandcanopymanagementtoadapttomicro-clima;ctemperaturevariability
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Champagnol, 1984
LeafremovalforbeVerfruitexposure
Canopymanagement,RichardSmart
Trunkheight
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Managinglightintercep;oninthevineyard
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Op;mizelightintercep;onthroughtdensityandtrimmingheight
1515
Lowdensityvineyard,lowlightintercepKonunlesshigh
trimming
Highdensityvineyard,highlightintercepKon
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Highlightintercep;onindividedcanopies
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NelsonShaulis RichardSmart AlainCarbonneau
SmartDyson,BeaulieuVineyards,Napa
Photo:A.dePizzol
Lyretrellis,BeaulieuVineyards,Napa
Photo:A.dePizzol
GDCtrellis,SmartandRobinson,1991
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Managingwaterstatusinthevineyard
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Vinewaterstatusrelatestoclimate,soil,plantmaterialandtrainingsystem
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Climate:-Rainfall-ET0
Soil:-WaterHoldingCapacity(texture,rooKngdepth,%stones)
Plantmaterial:-Variety- Root-stock- RooKngdepth
Trainingsystem:-LightintercepKon- Floormanagement
IrrigaKon
Yield
Qualitypoten;al
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Managedroughttroughadaptedplantmaterial
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• Theuseofdroughtresistantrootstocks(110R)iscosteffecKveandenvironmentalfriendly
• UsedroughtresistentvarieKesindryclimates
SO4 110Richter
Photo:Pr.H.Schultz • AppellaKon:CampodeBorja,Aragon,Spain• Annualrainfall:350mm• Photos:MiguelLorente
Grenache
Merlot
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Managedroughttroughcanopymanagement
20
Spain
Greece Photo:PaVySkinkis,Oregonstateuniversity
Mediterraneanbushvinesaredroughtresistant
HighvigorVSPvinesarenot
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Managedroughtthroughirriga;on
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Photo:WineYakimaValleyblog
VinewaterstatuscanbemanagedthoughirrigaKon
SomeenvironmentalissuesaroundirrigaKon
RarifyingwaterressourcesinCalifornia
Saltstress
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Conclusion
• Climateishighlyvariableatdifferentscales• Themostpowerfultooltoadapttothisvariabilityisthechoiceofplantmaterial
• Anotherimportanttooliscanopymanagement• Duetoclimatechange,plantmaterialandviKculturaltechniqueswillhavetoevolveoverKme
• TheobjecKveistoproducethebestpossiblewine,showingtypicityinrelaKontolocalclimate(=terroirexpression)
• ThisapproachguaranKesdiversityinwinesstyles
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