Molluscs Phylum Mollusca Numerous, diverse (200,000 species) Soft body covered by mantle (secretes calcium carbonate shell) Muscular foot – locomotion Some have radula – scraping teeth
http://www.jaxshells.org/rad2.jpghttp://www.pirx.com/gallery/albums/mollusks/radula.jpg
Molluscs
Classes: Bivalvia (clams, mussels, oysters) Gastropoda (snails, slugs, pteropods) Cephalopoda (octopi, squid, cuttlefish) Polyplacophora (chitons) Scaphopoda (tusk shells)
Bivalves
http://www.manandmollusc.net/lesson_plan_anatomy_files/bivalve_anatomy_lab.htmlhttp://www.nationalpark-hamburgisches-wattenmeer.de/1ueber/images/galerie/1-5-3Mya%20arenaria%20-%20Sandklaffmuschel-4x6-300dpi.jpg
Anatomy
Bivalves
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Fine_sea_silk_threads.JPG/800px-Fine_sea_silk_threads.JPG
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Mytilus_with_byssus.jpg/400px-Mytilus_with_byssus.jpg
Byssal threads
Long Island Bivalves
Stony Brook Univ.-Flax Pond Digital Library
Ribbed mussel (Geukensia demissa)
Oyster (Crassostrea virginica)
Razor clam (Ensis directus)Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis)
http://www.sportesport.it/images/Biology/Shells/Bivalvia/Mytilidae/mytilusEdulis.jpg
Hard shell clam / Quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria)
Soft shell clam(Mya arenaria)
http://media-2.web.britannica.com//eb-media/63/12863-004-C2459C57.jpg
Bay scallop(Argopecten
irradians)
Long Island Gastropods
http://www.georgetown.edu/faculty/szep/Littorina
Periwinkle (Littorina littorea)
Mud snail (Ilyanassa obsoleta)Slipper shell (Crepidula fornicata)
http://academics.smcvt.edu/dfacey/AquaticBiology/Coastal%20Images/Slipper%20Limpet.jpg
http://www.duke.edu/~jspippen/mollusca/knobbedwhelkeggs081106-2063obxz.jpg
http://www.geo.hunter.cuny.edu/bight/images/aknobbed.jpg
Knobbed whelk (Busycon carica)
Long Island Gastropods
http://static.flickr.com/55/143533735_7c7364be45.jpg?v=0
Northern moon snail (Lunatia heros)
Atlantic oyster drill (Urosalpinx cinerea)
http://www.jaxshells.org/509j.jpg http://img263.imageshack.us/img263/6879/drillholexi4.jpg
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_LzKM5z0wSb4/Rv9qstHEkNI/AAAAAAAAAbg/vVpitbx7suI/s400/IMG_1837.JPG
Gastropods
http://eebweb.arizona.edu/collections/Fishes/Invertebrate%20Slide%20Photos/Invertebrate%20Photos/Abalone%201.jpg
http://chemistry.csudh.edu/faculty/jim/cozaugo4-600/flamingo.jpg
Gastropods and Bivalves
http://people.bu.edu/veliger/http://oceanlink.island.net/abaloneproject/growthanddevelopment/growth%20and%20development.htm
http://score.dnr.sc.gov/ktmlpro10/images/uploads/oysterlifecycle.jpg?0.40941442132799155
Larval developmen
t
Cephalopods
http://www.narimadiving.com/LargeAssets/ReefInfoLargeAssets/Cuttlefish.jpg
NOAA
Octopus, squid, cuttlefish, nautilus
Cephalopods
http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/images/Image32.gif
Anatomyhttp://scienceblogs.com/deepseanews/beak1.jpg
Cephalopods
Body evolved for active predation Use funnel for jet propulsion
http://www.squidblog.net/uploads/squid_jet_diagram.gifhttp://www.mbari.org/news/homepage/2004/loligo_close_350.jpg
Cephalopods
Complex nervous system: Eyes Chromatophores
http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2164/2063362784_62cb783803.jpg?v=1196017772
Cephalopods
http://www.mbl.edu/inside/what/news/features/feature_cuttlefish.html
Cuttlefish camouflage Sees contrast (dark/light), but not colors Patterns controlled by chromatophore cells
Cephalopods
Reproduction – Internal fertilization Yolk-filled eggs, no larval stage
http://www.mbari.org/news/homepage/2006/brooding-squid2-350.jpg
http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/05/sci_nat_enl_1134642780/img/1.jpg
Marine mammals & squid:
http://www.wanghome.net/Pictures/2004/040603_New_York_City/15_museum_of_natural_history_squid_sperm_whale_1024.JPG
http://squid.us/wp-content/uploads/archie.jpg
Cephalopods
Live giant and colossal squid:
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/12/images/061222-giant-squid.jpg
Cephalopods
http://www.fish.govt.nz/NR/rdonlyres/836B96BF-12FE-417D-AB49-4B46B2DB8729/0/ColossalSquid.jpghttp://tepapa.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/arm-006.jpg
http://museumvictoria.com.au/treasures/Images/resources/mn013596_lg.jpg
Giant (up to 13m/43 ft)
Colossal (up to 14m/46 ft)→
Other deep water:
Cephalopods
http://www.mbari.org/data/info/grimpo.jpghttp://www.darkroastedblend.com/2009/02/awesome-octopi-cephalopods-from-outer.html
Other unusual:
Cephalopods
http://www.darkroastedblend.com/2009/02/awesome-octopi-cephalopods-from-outer.html
Arthropods
Phylum Arthropoda Numerous, diverse (1 million+ species) Mostly insects (land, freshwater) In oceans – mostly crustaceans
Arthropods
Segmented body Jointed apendages Hard external skeleton (chitin) Must molt skeleton to grow Gills, most marine have blood with hemocyanin (blue)
Arthropods
Subphylum Crustacea Copepods, amphipods, isopods Ostracods, barnacles Krill, shrimp, lobsters, crabs
Subphylum Chelicerata Horseshoe crabs, spiders
Subphylum Uniramia Insects, Centipedes
Small Crustaceans - Copepods
http://www.whoi.edu/cms/images/oceanus/2006/7/8_27627.jpg
http://www.hudsonregional.org/mosquito/images/copepod.jpg
http://forum.mikroscopia.com/uploads/post-3-1158151927.jpg
Small Crustaceans - Amphipods
http://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/gallery/livingocean/livingocean.html http://www.newsday.com/media/photo/2004-01/11151650.jpg
http://nathistoc.bio.uci.edu/crustacea/Amphipoda/AAA013a.jpghttp://www.beachwatchers.wsu.edu/ezidweb/animals/images/traskorchestia2jh.jpg
Small Crustaceans – Ostracods, Isopods
http://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/gallery/livingocean/livingocean.html
http://nathistoc.bio.uci.edu/crustacea/Ostracoda/DSCF0052b.jpg http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/img/environment/bigisopod.jpg
Small Crustaceans - Krill
http://images.aad.gov.au/img.py/174a.jpg?width=640&height=480
http://www.mar-eco.no/learning-zone/__data/page/93/Krill3.jpg http://jonbowermaster.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/kaikoura-krill-520783-sw.jpg
Crustaceans – Barnacles
http://www.mbari.org/expeditions/EasterMicroplate/images/Barnacles_640.jpg
http://nathistoc.bio.uci.edu/crustacea/Cirripedia/DSC_0761b.jpg
http://nathistoc.bio.uci.edu/crustacea/Cirripedia/DSCF0015a.jpg
Decapods – Shrimp
http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/gallery.htmhttp://www.ucs.louisiana.edu/~rtb6933/shrimp/rima_con.JPG
Decapods – Lobsters
http://www.vifishandwildlife.com/Education/FactSheet/Images/Lobster.jpg http://marlin.bio.umass.edu/biology/kunkel/fish/albatross-iv/al0203/P0005812a.JPG
http://www.teridanielsbooks.com/States/Hawaii/Hawaii,%20underwater,%20coral,%20reef,%20slipper,%20lobster,.jpg
Northern lobster (Homarus americanus)
Decapods – Crabs
http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/gallery.htm
http://www.ceh.ac.uk/sections/ed/images/Giantspidercrab.jpg
http://www.californiabiota.com/cabiota/pacific_mole_crab.htm
Blue crab (Callinectes sapidus)Mole crab (Emerita talpoida)
Fiddler crab (Uca sp.)
Other Crustaceans
http://www.wfu.edu/biology/faculty/brownera/artemia.jpg
Brine shrimp Artemia(“sea monkeys”)
Mantis shrimp(Stomatopod)
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/crustacea/malacostraca/eumalacostraca/royslist/images/g_falcatus4.jpg
http://www.divephotoguide.com/img/user_galleries/orig/2999_1222523836.jpg
http://www.dfw.state.or.us/mrp/shellfish/commercial/largeimages/dungeness-with-eggs_ODFW.jpg
Crustaceans
Egg brooding
Crustaceans Most benthic adults have planktonic larvae
http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/gallery.htm http://www.science-in-salamanca.tas.csiro.au/themes/larval/phyllosoma-early.htm
Chelicerates
http://www-tc.pbs.org/wnet/wp-content/blogs.dir/3/files/2008/06/590_crash_blood.jpg
Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) Compound causes blood to clot when exposed to bacterial endotoxins Used to test that drugs and surgical devices are free of contamination Quart of blue blood worth $15,000, multimillion $$ industry