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Mark UpBuddhism, Shintoism, the
Philosophy of Confucianism, & Hinduism
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Buddhism
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Origins Founder:•Prince Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)
Date: •520 BCE
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Believers Approximate # of followers: •360 million Followers are called: •Buddhists Founded in India
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Monks & the Dalai Lamma
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ViewsGods:
• no real ‘gods’.
What do they Believe:
• Buddha taught about suffering. People suffer because of desire or wanting.
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Life’s Purpose •Purpose is to avoid suffering & gain enlightenment to be released from the cycle of rebirth, or attain a better rebirth.•A life of moderation
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Afterlife•Reincarnation until they gain enlightenment•Nirvana- reaching enlightenment & escaping the cycle.
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General Practices •Meditation, mantras, dharma wheels, shrines for prayers and devotion. •Following The Middle Path & The 4 Noble Truths, Noble 8 Fold Path
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Holy Texts
•Tripitika
•Sutras- Buddha’s sayings
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Shintoism
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OriginsFounder: •No specific person; indigenous religion•Founded in Japan
Date: •Ancient; 6th Century BCE (500s)
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Believers
Approximate # of followers: •3-4 million
Followers are called: •Shinto
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ViewsGod(s):
•The Kami; polytheistic • EX: Amaterasu- Sun
Goddess What do they believe:• humans are generally
good. Evil spirits cause negativity.
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Life’s Purpose
•Be in touch with Kami
•Human’s are pure by nature and can keep away evil through purification rituals and attain good things by calling on the Kami.
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Afterlife
•Death is bad & impure. Humans become Kami after death.
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General Practices Worship & offerings to Kami at shrines and at home. Purification rituals and celebrations
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Holy Texts
•Kojiki / Nihongi
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Confucianism
•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tUhGRh4vdb8
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Confucianism
•Is not a religion, but a philosophy.
•Founded in China
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OriginsFounder: •Confucius
Date: •551 BCE
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Believers
Approximate # of followers: •5-6 million
Followers are called: •Confucianists
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ViewsGods: •No gods What do they believe:•It’s more a philosophy of how to live•Obey & honor parents
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Afterlife
•Not addressed
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What is Important? •Ceremonies & rituals are important•Honesty, politeness humaneness, perform correct role in society, loyalty to family & nation.•Purpose of life is to fulfill one’s role in society with propriety, honor & loyalty
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Holy Text The Analects- a
collection of Confucius’ sayings
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Hinduism
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Origins Founder
• unknown
Date
•Ancient, oldest in the world
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BelieversApproximate # of Followers
•1.1 billion
Followers are called
•Hindus
•Mohandas Gandhi
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ViewsGod(s):•One Supreme (Brahman) manifested in many gods and goddesses•Vishnu, Shiva, Ganesha
What do they believe:•Beliefs vary depending on caste system, etc.
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Life’s Purpose
•Purpose is to gain release from rebirth, or at least a better rebirth from doing good things, honoring brahman, having good karma.
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Afterlife Reincarnation until release-Samsara- Effected by Karma- Moksha: freedom from the cycle.
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General Practices
• Yoga, meditation, worship (puja), devotion to a god or goddess, pilgrimage to holy cities & rivers, live according to one's dharma (purpose/ role).
• Diwali, Holi
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Holy Text
The Vedas