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Martin 2011Martin 2011
Traveling Through Six Traveling Through Six KingdomsKingdoms
An Introduction to the An Introduction to the
Three Domains/Three Domains/
Six Kingdoms of LifeSix Kingdoms of Life
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Characteristics of LifeCharacteristics of Life All living things have All living things have CELLS:CELLS:
All living things All living things respond respond to their to their environmentenvironment
All Living things All Living things reproducereproduce
All living things All living things use energyuse energy
All living things All living things growgrow and and developdevelop
All living things All living things adaptadapt through through evolutionevolution
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Two Types of CellsTwo Types of Cells
ProkaryoteProkaryote Simple cellsSimple cells DNA DNA not not in in
nucleusnucleus
EukaryoteEukaryote Complex cellsComplex cells DNA in nucleusDNA in nucleus
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Prokaryotes: Two Domains, Prokaryotes: Two Domains, Two KingdomsTwo Kingdoms
Domain: Domain: ArchaeaArchaea
Kingdome:ArchaebacteriaKingdome:Archaebacteria
Domain: Domain: BacteriaBacteria
Domain: EubacteriaDomain: Eubacteria
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Kingdom Kingdom ArcheabacteriaArcheabacteria May be the May be the oldestoldest form of form of
life: lived 3.5 - 4 billionlife: lived 3.5 - 4 billion years agoyears ago
Most live in Most live in extremeextreme places places similar to our young Earth: similar to our young Earth: deep sea vents, boiling mud deep sea vents, boiling mud around volcanoes, very around volcanoes, very salty water (Dead Sea), salty water (Dead Sea), acidic wateracidic water
ExtremophilesExtremophiles
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Specs:Specs:
UnicellularUnicellular: One cell: One cell
Prokaryote:Prokaryote:
DNA is not in a nucleusDNA is not in a nucleus
Most are Most are Heterotrophs Heterotrophs ; a ; a few are few are AutotrophsAutotrophs
AsexualAsexual reproduction reproductionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DY9DNWcqxI4&feature=related
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Kingdom: Kingdom: EubacteriaEubacteria
Live all around us, in us, Live all around us, in us, and on usand on us
Most are very Most are very usefuluseful:: Break down wasteBreak down waste Make cheese and yogurtMake cheese and yogurt Make Vitamin KMake Vitamin K Make OxygenMake Oxygen
A few cause A few cause diseasedisease
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SpecsSpecs
UnicellularUnicellular : one cell : one cell
ProkaryoteProkaryote: DNA is : DNA is notnot in a nucleus in a nucleus
Most are Most are Heterotroph;Heterotroph; a few are a few are AutotrophsAutotrophs
Live under Live under ““normalnormal”” conditions conditions
Chemical composition is very Chemical composition is very different form Archeabacteria: different form Archeabacteria: Different type of Different type of DNADNA
AsexualAsexual reproduction reproduction
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LetLet’’s Look at a Few Shapess Look at a Few Shapes
CocciCocci Bacilli Bacilli Spirilla Spirilla
(round)(round) (rod) (rod) (spiral)(spiral)
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Domain Domain EukaryaEukarya : : Four KingdomsFour Kingdoms
ProtistaProtista FungiFungi
PlantaePlantae AnimaliaAnimalia
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Kingdom: Kingdom: ProtistaProtista
The The ““LeftoverLeftover”” KingdomKingdom
Plant-likePlant-likeAnimal-likeAnimal-likeFungus-likeFungus-like
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SpecsSpecs
****UnicellularUnicellular OR OR MulticellularMulticellular
EukaryoteEukaryote: DNA is in a : DNA is in a nucleusnucleus
**Heterotrophs**Heterotrophs and and AutotrophsAutotrophs
**Asexual**Asexual AND AND sexual sexual reproductionreproduction
**most common**most common
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A Peep into Kingdom ProtistaA Peep into Kingdom Protista
http://www.dnatube.com/video/287/Swimmng-Paramecium
http://www.dnatube.com/video/7271/Amoeba-Phagocytosis
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Kingdom Kingdom FungiFungi
Mushrooms, molds Mushrooms, molds and mildewsand mildews
Most are Most are usefuluseful
(food, decomposers)(food, decomposers) A few cause A few cause diseasedisease::
AthleteAthlete’’s foots foot RingwormRingworm Serious plant diseasesSerious plant diseases
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SpecsSpecs Most are Most are MulticellularMulticellular
EukaryotesEukaryotes::DNA is in a nucleusDNA is in a nucleus
ALL are ALL are HeterotrophsHeterotrophs DecomposersDecomposers (dead material) (dead material) ParasitesParasites (living material) (living material)
AsexualAsexual AND AND ****Sexual Sexual reproductionreproduction
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Kingdom Kingdom PlantaePlantae
From tiny Mosses From tiny Mosses to to
giant Redwood giant Redwood trees, all plants trees, all plants use use Photosynthesis Photosynthesis to obtain energyto obtain energy
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SpecsSpecs
ALL are ALL are MulticellularMulticellular
EukaryotesEukaryotes::DNA is in a nucleusDNA is in a nucleus
ALL are ALL are AutotrophsAutotrophs Contain Contain ChlorophyllChlorophyll (green (green
pigment) for pigment) for PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
**Sexual**Sexual and and asexual asexual reproductionreproduction
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Kingdom Kingdom AnimaliaAnimalia
Most animals can Most animals can MOVE MOVE to find foodto find food
(at least during part of their life cycle)(at least during part of their life cycle) All animals must All animals must EATEAT
CarnivoreCarnivore (Animals/ meat) (Animals/ meat) HerbivoreHerbivore (Plants) (Plants) Omnivore Omnivore (Both plant and animal)(Both plant and animal) DetritivoreDetritivore (Dead material) (Dead material) ParasitesParasites (Living material) (Living material)
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SpecsSpecs
ALL are ALL are MulticellularMulticellular
EukaryotesEukaryotes::DNA is in a nucleusDNA is in a nucleus
ALL are ALL are HeterotrophsHeterotrophs
Most Most Move Move
**Sexual**Sexual and and asexual asexual reproductionreproduction
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The Animal Kingdom at a GlanceThe Animal Kingdom at a Glance
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Thank you for visiting the Thank you for visiting the Six Kingdoms of LifeSix Kingdoms of Life