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MAT 1023 : AUTOMOTIVE
ELCTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC
CHAPTER 1 : PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY
Fundamental of material
Substance Element Atom
Electricity :
Electricity can be defined as the movement of electrons
from atom to atom.
This can be happen only in a conductor and
not in insulator.
It can translate in ELECTRON THEORY.
WHAT IS ELECTRICITY
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY
Occurrence of electricity
Material Molecule Atom Atomic nucleus Nucleus
Proton
Electron
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY
Electron Nucleus
Shell
Electrons
Protons
Neutron
+ +
+
-
Electrons
Structure of Atom Detail structure of Atom
Structure of Atom
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY
Atom ion
Electrically Neutral
Positive Ion Negative Ion
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY
Free Electron Movement = Occurrence of electricity
+ +
+
- -
-
-
- -
- -
- -
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY
Characteristic of magnetic substance and Magnetic line of force
◆ Magnetic line of force comes out from N pole and enter into S pole.
◆ Direction of magnetic line of force indicates the direction of the
magnetic field.
◆ Density of magnetic line of force(Density of magnetic flux) indicates strength of magnetic field
◆ Magnetic lines of force does not cross each other.
◆ If the direction of magnetic lines of force is same, those magnetic lines repel each other.
Magnetism & Electromagnet
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY
Magnetism
These figure show the magnetic field of attracting and repelling magnets.
The earth is a large magnetic, surrounded by a magnetic field.
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY
Magnetism
Current
Iron pieces
wire
Battery
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY
Electromagnet
◆ The law stated that whenever there is an
induce (influence) electromotive force
(emf) in a conductor, it is always in such a
direction and the amount of emf will
change accordingly .
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY
Electromagnetism ( LENZ’S LAW )
Current in
Current out S
N
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY
Electromagnet
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY
EMF – is generated in many ways
EMF
• Electromotif force is required whenever we want to move electron
Electromotif force
• Friction
• Chemical
• Heat
• Light
• Magnetism
• Pressure
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY
EMF – is generated in many ways
EMF
• Friction
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY
EMF
• Chemical
Electrolyte
Conductor
+ -
- + -
-
-
-
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+
-
-
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-
- -
-
- -
-
-
-
-
- -
-
- - -
-
- -
-
-
- Electron
+ Atom minus electron
Neutral atom
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY
EMF
• Heat
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY
EMF
• Light
•Pressure
EMF
+
-
+
- -
- - - -
-
-
-
- -
CRYSTAL
+ + + +
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY
• Magnetism
EMF
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S S N N
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY
Shells
12 Electrons (-)
Aluminum Atom
K
L
(K, L, M, N….)
CONDUCTOR
M
Any material which allows the free flow of electrons
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY
Shells
6 Electrons (-) oxygen
K
L
(K, L, M, N….)
• Any material which will not allow the free flow electrons
M
INSULATOR
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY
SEMICONDUCTOR
What’s semi-conductor
◆ Semi-Conductor :Material
which has the middle amount
of fixed resistance value
between conductor and non-
conductor
Junction of Silicon atom
Si Si Si
Si
Si
Free Electron
Silicon
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY