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Paul Bertram, FCSI, CDT, LEED AP- BD&C, GGP
Director: Environment, Sustainability, Government Affairs Kingspan Insulated Panels
Material Transparency
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Manufacturing Sites
Kingspan Insulated Panels Inc.
ASM Modular Systems Inc.
Morin Corporation
Tate Access Floors Inc.
North America Locations
Architectural
Commercial & Industrial
Cold Storage
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Learning Objectives
1. Better understand EPD data reporting for the purposes of
material evaluation, and specification
2. Review or Fill Out a Health Product Declaration (HPD), why it was
created and what material data is being reported
3. Differentiate data reporting of the other “Declaration” formats
such as the Product Transparency Declaration (PTD), C2C, Declare
4. Assess Health Product Declarations in relationship to other key material evaluation and specification per CSI’s Sustainable Design & Construction Practice Guide and Project Delivery Practice Guide
At the end of the this course, participants will be able to:
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[Material Matters]
See: aia.org/materials
COTE definition of sustainability and sustainable design: Measure 8: Materials & Construction
Sustainable design includes the informed selection of materials and products to reduce product‐cycle environmental impacts, improve performance, and optimize occupant health and comfort. http://www.aia.org/aiaucmp/groups/aia/documents/pdf/aias076652.pdf
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Shutterstock image
Insurmountable environmental challenges are
converging in arbitrary actions as mandatory assessment in whole
building design, materials and systems that have become part
of the “Building Team’s” responsibility.
Human Health & Material Transparency Trends
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“If humankind poisoned nature, nature would in turn poison humankind”. http://www.amazon.com/Silent-Spring-Rachel-Carson/dp/0618249060/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1411322878&sr=8-1&keywords=silent+spring
‘Silent Spring’ Ignited the US Environmental Movement
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Human & Environmental Health
Impact of Buildings on Occupant Health Has a High Influence on Firm’s design/Construction Decisions (Current and Expected Future by Player)
http://www.aia.org/aiaucmp/groups/aia/documents/pdf/aiab103914.pdf
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LEED Materials Retrospect
• Single Attributes • Multiple Attributes • Eco Labels • What’s in materials?
LEED Evolution 1.0 Pilot 2.0 2.1 2.2 3.0 (2009) v4
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Material Transparency Certification Classifications
ISO 14021 - Self Declared Environmental Claims, 1999 (Type II labels / declarations) – single-attribute label developed by the producer
ASTM E2129 - 10
Standard Practice for Data Collection for Sustainability Assessment of Building Products
The CSI Product Sustainability Information Reporting Guide
ISO 14024 - Type I Environmental Labelling – multi-attribute label developed by a third party
ISO 14025 - Environmental labels and declarations - Type III environmental declarations - eco-label whose awarding is based on a full life-cycle assessment – (EPD) developed by a third party
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Eco-Labels Manufacturers no longer make products;
they make label carriers (Overheard at an ASTM meeting)
http://www.ftc.gov/news-events/media-resources/truth-advertising/green-guides
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Material Transparency Influences
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What’s in our building materials?
Full Disclosure • Chemical makeup • Environmental Impacts
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LEEDv4 - Materials & Resources (MR)
Building Life-Cycle Impact Reduction
• Whole Building LCA Building Product Disclosure and Optimization
• Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) Material Ingredients
• Health Product Declaration, GreenScreen v.1 Benchmark, Cradle to Cradle Certified, REACH
• Raw Material Source and Extraction Reporting o Specify products from manufacturers that can provide reports of raw
materials from their suppliers.
v4
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STRONG Support for Material Transparency
Mandatory?
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Material Transparency Request Changes
What do these labels mean in material evaluation?
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REALLY
INFORMATION
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Relative Standards related to Material Transparency
E2129 - 10
E2432 - 11
E2921-13
WK23356 New Practice for Development of Product Category Rules for Use in Development of Environmental Declarations for Building Products and Systems
WK44075 New Practice for Standard Practice for Issuing Product Transparency Declarations
WK35702 New Guide for Evaluation of Environmental Aspects of Sustainability of Manufacturing Processes _____________________________________________________
ISO 14020 series (14020 to 14025) Environmental labels and declarations
ISO 14025:2006 Environmental labels and declarations - Type III environmental declarations - Principles and procedure
ISO 14040:2006 Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment -- Principles and framework
ISO 14044:2006 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines
European Committee for Standardization (CEN). “EN15804:2012
ISO 21930:2007 Sustainability in building construction -- Environmental declaration of building products
____________________________________________________________________
ANSI/BIFMA Furniture Standards M7.1-2011and e3-2011
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IGCC, AIA, ASHRAE, USGBC & IES align to combine green codes into one regulatory tool
In August 2014, AIA, IGCC, ASHRAE, USGBC & IES announced the signing of a memorandum on coordinated evolution of Standard 189.1, the
International Green Construction Code (IgCC) and the LEED green building program.
http://www.usgbc.org/Docs/Archive/General/Docs9246.pdf
http://www.iccsafe.org/cs/igcc/pages/default.aspx
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Environmental Impacts End Product Ingredients Mixtures & Components
Single Chemistries Assembly Chemistries ---------------------------
Hazards Only Risk
Exposure
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EPDs, LCAs, and PCRs Process based LCA
Product Category Rule (PCR) “Set of specific rules, requirements, and guidelines for developing Type III environmental product declarations for one or more product categories” (ISO 14025)
The Guidelines
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) “Compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle” (ISO 14040)
The Analysis
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) “Providing quantified environmental data using predetermined parameters and, where relevant, additional environmental information” (ISO 14025)
The Declaration
Graphic Provided by ThinkStep (PE International)
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PCRs – Product Category Rules
An Assembly PCR PCR for multiple Insulations
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EPD and ISO 21930
The overall goal of EPDs is to encourage continuous environmental improvement
An EPD of a building product provides information for the assessment of the environmental performance of buildings ISO/TS 21931-1
5.6 Comparability of EPD of building products • Comparison of building products using EPDs shall be carried
out only at the building level
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What is EN 15804?
When developing a PCR Step 1. research globally for established PCRs BS EN 15804:2012+Amendment 1:2013 Sustainability of construction works. Environmental product declarations. Core rules for the product category of construction products
How are European PCRs to be considered in LEEDv4?
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Types of EPDs
Product Specific
Industry Wide
Series of Gate to Gates +
Specific Product aggregated Cradle to Gate
Industry
Gate
to Gate
Industry
Gate to Gate
Industry
Gate to Gate
End Product
Processes
Cradle
to Gate
LCA
Product PCR
Product EPD
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Steel Slab to Steel Coil Production
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Galvanizing of Steel Coils
Types of Chemistries*:
•Zinc phosphates/activators
•Iron phosphates
•Chrome chromates
•Chrome phosphates
•Chrome dry-in-pace treatments
•Complex oxide treatments
•E-CLPS® chrome-free pretreatment technologies
•Tri-CLPS® RoHS compliant passivations for HDG and galvalume
•Metal passivations
•Acrylic fingerprint-resistant coatings (clear or tinted) * Depends on the supplier as to which of these chemistries are used
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Steel Coil Coating Process
Fluropon coatings are durable Polyvinyldene coating system containing 70% Kynar or Hylar resins ceramic and other inorganic pigments Provides a powerful chemical bond, and superior resistance to ultraviolet radiation Primer
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IMP Production Process
Polyiso Chemical Components per EPD MDI, Polyol, HCFC Free Blowing Agent, Flame Retardant, Catalyst
Packaging/Wrapping: Plastic Wrap, either recycled Polyiso, sheets or EPS foam
Lamination Adhesive
Chemicals are applied and reacted in controlled environment per EPA and OSHA requirements
Note: All Coils are galvanized and coated BEFORE coming to the
IMP Process Line
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ISO 14025 - Environmental Type III environmental declarations
Overall goal of environmental labels and declarations is to encourage the demand for, and supply of products that cause less stress on the environment
• Type III EPDs are primarily intended for use in business-to-business communication, but their use in business-to-consumer communication is not precluded
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UL 3rd Party EPD 2 page Transparency Briefs
• Reporting of Environmental Impacts per ISO and relevant Product Category Rules
• An EPD is a simplified, consistent report for a LCA
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Product EPDs Carry Burdens of All Upstream Impacts
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Challenges in EPD Comparisons
One PCR and relative EPD
Multiple PCRs & EPDs
Single assembly with steel exterior/interior skins, air &
moisture barrier + insulation
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What is an article?
For the purpose of CDR reporting, an “article” is defined at 40 CFR 704.3 as:
“Article” means a manufactured item (1) which is formed to a specific shape or design during manufacture,
(2) which has end use function(s) dependent in whole or in part upon its shape or design during end use, and;
(3) which has either no change of chemical composition during its end use or only those changes of composition which have no commercial purpose separate from that of the article, and that result from a chemical reaction that occurs upon end use of other chemical substances, mixtures, or articles;
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EPD Comparative Analysis EPD Comparative Assertions ISO 14025
MCA has conducted life cycle assessments to quantify and report the environmental impacts (EPDs) of its products.
Comparative analysis of environmental performance of its members’ products when used in building envelope assemblies, compared to other functionally equivalent assemblies
For the purposes of making Comparative Assertions
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36
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LCA Databases & Tools
Integrates with REVIT
http://www.athenasmi.org/our-software-data/impact-estimator/
http://choosetally.com/download/
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What is NOT currently in an EPD
Required Impact Reporting • Resource Consumption
o (e.g., energy, water • Emissions to air, water, soil • Climate Change • Ozone Depletion • Acidification of Land& Water • Eutrophication • Photochemical oxidants
formation • Depletion of Abiotic
Resources o Fossil Energy o Minerals
• Optional Impact Reporting – Biodiversity
– Human and/or Environmental Toxicity
– Geographical Aspects
– Product Environmental Performance
– Other Environmental Certifications
– Recycling or Recovery Programs/Activities
– Instructions for Limits and Use
– Human and/or Environmental Hazard and Risk Assessment
– Environmental Significant Materials
– Preferred Waste Management Option
– Potential for Incidents that Impact the
Environment
Based on given Product Category Rules
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4/29/2015
HPDs attempt to address these issues – Human Heath Focus – HAZARD ONLY REPORTING
– Developed by HPD Working Group • Support of the Materials Research Collaborative, a non-profit collaboration of
the Healthy Building Network and BuildingGreen
– As volunteer effort could bypass chemical regulatory policy obstacles in more robust reporting
– MSDS not considered enough information for material selection or deselection
– Development of an “Open Standard” without ANSI certification
Toxicities and Hazards of materials not currently reported in EPDs
Why Health Product Declarations?
39
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Paul Bertram, FCSI, CDT, LEED AP – BD&C, GGP
Director: Environment, Sustainability, Government Affairs 386-785-3063 – [email protected]
Questions
Provided by HPD Collaborative
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Paul Bertram, FCSI, CDT, LEED AP – BD&C, GGP
Director: Environment, Sustainability, Government Affairs 386-785-3063 – [email protected]
Questions
Provided by HPD Collaborative
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Paul Bertram, FCSI, CDT, LEED AP – BD&C, GGP
Director: Environment, Sustainability, Government Affairs 386-785-3063 – [email protected]
Questions
Provided by HPD Collaborative
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Paul Bertram, FCSI, CDT, LEED AP – BD&C, GGP
Director: Environment, Sustainability, Government Affairs 386-785-3063 – [email protected]
Questions
Provided by HPD Collaborative
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The Wrong Way • Ask suppliers for each ingredient’s
chemical name and CAS number
• Suppliers often can’t or won’t disclose an ingredient’s identity
• Lacking any information about the ingredient, you are stuck with an HPD that doesn’t qualify for LEED credit because it can’t claim Full Disclosure of Intentional Ingredients
The Right Way • Ask supplier for each ingredient’s
chemical name and CAS number – if they are unable or unwilling to share, ask for the generic material type
• If they’re using Ethoxylated-
2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-blah-blah they may be willing to share the generic material name ‘surfactant’
• Some generic materials exist in the material database of choices
Building an HPD – Data Collection
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The Wrong Way • Enter each raw material as intentional
ingredients
• If the individual chemicals or materials undergo a physical change, they may no longer exist in the final product
• For example, Polyurethane foam is commonly made from MDI, polyol, blowing agent, and catalyst. The hazards associated with these ingredients in isolation are very different after they’ve been reacted into Polyurethane foam.
The Right Way • Identify the product’s composition as it
exists on the jobsite
• If chemical reactions happen at manufacturing, only the final product should be listed
• Chemical reactions that happen en-route to the jobsite (e.g., in a concrete mixer truck) or at the jobsite (e.g., spray foam) must be listed as the sum of their individual components
Building an HPD – Hazard Identification
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The Wrong Way • Enter all the information you have
then publish the HPD
• Certain ingredients may need to be renamed or grouped together (e.g., as ‘additives’) to protect IP
• Some hazards shown are likely irrelevant to the customer, especially when hazards are related to workplace exposure during manufacturing
The Right Way • Revise the names of ingredients if
necessary to protect IP, while leaving hazard information intact
• Use a narrative to describe why certain hazards are irrelevant or if you protect the customer against them
Building an HPD – Completing the HPD
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MSDS & SDS Reporting Global Harmonization
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HPD 2.0 Still Hazards ONLY Report
Titanium Dioxide
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GreenScreen® For Safer Chemicals
Comparative SINGLE Chemical Hazard
Assessment (CHA) for identifying chemicals of high concern and safer alternatives.
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Assessing chemical hazards
• Pharos researches the chemistry for substances in their listed products, and screen for hazards
Chemical assessment with Pharos
requires a LEEDv4 credit interpretation
http://www.pharosproject.net/blog/detail/id/175/greenbuild-2013-features#sthash.Resf0FSh.dpuf
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4/29/2015
C2C Certification
http://www.c2ccertified.org/images/uploads/C2CCertified_Banned_Lists_V3_121113.pdf
Banned List of Chemicals for Technical Nutrients
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More Material Transparency
The Healthy Materials Program criteria is based on the Health Product Declaration, GreenScreen, and Cradle to Cradle and is aligned with the LEED version 4 rating system.
• 2006 - 2015 by Healthy Building Network & Google
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4/29/2015
August 20, 2013 Report of the Material Health Harmonization Task Group
HAZARD BASED
Material Health Evaluation Programs Harmonization Opportunities Report
http://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/material_health_evaluation_programs__harmonization_opportunities_130819.pdf
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4/29/2015
Material IQ
55
BETA Program with BIFMA
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4/29/2015
Performance-focused system for measuring, certifying, and monitoring features of the built environment that impact human
health and wellbeing
Delos WELL Certification
56
http://nowinteractive.net/delos-downloads/WBS-Executive%20Summary-Apr2014.pdf
THE WELL VITAL SIGNS SCORECARD
WELL Building Standard®
The WELL Building Standard® is 3rd party certified by the Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI) – Renamed Green Business Certification Inc.
http://www.wellcertified.com/standard
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LEED 3.0 extended until October 2016
A Bar to High?
Hazard assessments evaluate ONLY the toxicological effects of a chemical or product, Typically tested at very high (i.e., worst case) exposure levels/dosages.
DO NOT consider use conditions (Risk) or exposure levels GreenScreen determines a product formulation based upon a single attribute
(i.e., toxicological effect) Risk assessments are based upon the premise that all substances are hazardous, but “the dose
makes the poison” – i.e., safe levels of usage/exposure can be determined
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Risk & Exposure of an IMP
Assembly on EXTERIOR
Foam insulation reacts in controlled factory environment
Chemical make up of foam encapsulated between impervious steel skins
Pre-coated when delivered to factory for assembly
As reported in EPD
Code required Fire performance with Flame retardant
Non- Halogenated Flame retardant option
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4/29/2015
PTD Product Transparency Declaration
This standard provides requirements for publishing a Product Transparency Declaration including : (1) Listing of product ingredients (2) Product ingredients identified as hazards (3) Warning label requirements for finished building materials (4) Intentionally added heavy metals (5) VOC emissions and VOC content information (6) Recycled content and (7) environmental certifications.
This practice shall include all building products incorporated in a building.
http://www.astm.org/DATABASE.CART/WORKITEMS/WK44075.htm
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4/29/2015
WASHINGTON, DC - (August 27, 2014) – The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) and the American Chemistry Council (ACC) announced a new initiative … … designed to ensure the use of sustainable and environmentally protective products in buildings by applying technical and science-based approaches to the LEED green building program.
USGBC Supply Optimization Working Group
“According to Environmental Building News, what is new is that the ACC has returned with the prediction that “risk assessment” will now receive “greater consideration throughout USGBC’s process.” If so, the result will be unequivocally negative for LEED, which currently favors “hazard-based” approaches to reducing unhealthy chemicals in the built environment.” Bill Walsh - September 3, 2014
http://www.healthybuilding.net/news/2014/09/03/truce-or-surrender-at-usgbc
Precautionary Principle
vs. Approach
Shadow Regulatory Action
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4/29/2015
Building Product Disclosure and Optimization— Material Ingredients
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4/29/2015
Environmental Defense Fund blueprint for safer chemicals
1.Institutional Commitment: corporate chemicals policy and solid. 2.Supply Chain Transparency: Know the chemicals used to make products. 3.Informed Consumers: Transparency meets customer demands for increased product safety and sustainability. 4.Safer Chemicals Plan: A roadmap for using safer chemicals and phasing out hazardous chemicals. 5.Public Commitment: Communicate the company’s policy, timelines and progress — successes and pitfalls — towards safer chemicals http://www.environmentalleader.com/2015/04/28/5-steps-to-safer-chemicals-in-products/#ixzz3Yds9Bc5O
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What the “Chemical” Professionals Recommend
You can’t prove safety – can only reduce risk
Majority of Architects & Specifiers do not understand risk or material hazards
Informed choices, options and trade-offs need considered
Provide information to qualified assessors to make informed choices based on what has greater importance, weight, value to them.
• Information will be needed on multi-attributes (i.e. not just hazard)
Shift focus from “Safer” to “Informed” Choices
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4/29/2015
What you need to know
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Alternative Assessment (AA) Frameworks
AA Framework
Characteristics Attributes Included in AA
Performance/ Cost
Hazard Exposure Life-Cycle Considerations
Social
Coalition Green Chemistry AA Coalition Document Principles of Alternatives Assessment 2012
Framework considers various trade-offs within a sustainability setting (e.g. hazard, risk, LCA implications)
X
X
X
DTSC 2012 AA workshop tables
Describes tools, data sources and methods for hazard, exposure, and life cycle (environmental, cost and social) assessment. AA methods/frameworks and other background are cited.
X
X
X
X
X
Lowell Alternatives Assessment Framework 2006
The framework is designed to evaluate and identify environmentally and socially preferable alternatives.
X
X
X
X
X
UBA Guide Sustainable Chemicals
A decision tool for manufacturers, formulators and end users of chemicals. Designed to assist in the selection of sustainable chemicals
X
X
X
UCLA Developing Regulatory AA Methodologies
Decision making framework. Evaluates the application of two primary MCDA (multi-decision criteria analysis) tools - multiple attribute utility theory (MAUT) and outranking - were investigated.
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
UCSB Safer product alternatives analysis report 2011
Compendium of publically available tools, methods and data sources that relate to AA, and relevant background information.
TAAG Alternatives Assessment Guidance document
Coalition led by Washington State Department of Ecology to development guidance on alternatives assessment for chemicals.
X
X
X
X
X
Provided by DOW Chemical
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4/29/2015
Pathways for Option 3
Third party audits and certification are a normal part of Responsible Care® and ISO 14001 chemical management systems
Led to Halogenated FREE Flame Retardant Option
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4/29/2015
Chemical Compliance Systems, Inc GreenSuite
GreenSuite is currently the only risk assessment tool supported by hazard data for 44 ecological, health and safety endpoint criteria defined in NSF/GCI/ANSI 355
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Alternative Assessment
ASTM WK40619-1 Use of Alternatives Assessment Data in Making Chemical Selection Decisions Across the Product Life Cycle (Guide)
General principles can vary by framework but often place heavy emphasis on hazard traits with additional attributes including • Technical Performance,
Feasibility/Cost • Hazards (human &
environmental) • Lifecycle Considerations • Social Justice
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Building Science & Material Transparency
Human Health has been positioned as most important criteria in material evaluation and specification
What are the Trade-OFFs that need considered? • Interior vs. Exterior, Functional Performance and
Compliance…
Shutterstock image
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Architect
Specifier
Material Scientist
Biologist/Microbiologist
Certified GreenScreen analyst
Chemist
Toxicologist
Industrial Hygienist
Clinical Scientist (Doctors)
Who is REALLY Qualified to be an ASSESSOR?
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CSI’s Role in Balanced Material Evaluation & Specification
How should data with known “UNCERTINTIES” be weighted in material selection – deselection decisions?
How are MSDS, SDS, EPDs, and HPDs handled in the Submittal Documents?
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Specifying EPDs, HPDs & Material Transparency
Discouraging bidding by specifying unrealistic LEED requirements
Not recognizing that performance is a sustainable attribute
Calling LEED “good enough”
Not discussing Trade-Offs
Use Common Sense Design Strategies
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Climate Change and Health
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Reduction of GHGs and Health
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Talk to your manufacturers
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Talk to your manufacturers
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Summary
Should CSI consider greater engagement in this discussion? • Information requested and used today is not adequate to
guide choices/selection of “greener” alternatives
• How does this information impact project specifications?
o EPDs & HPDs are collected with little understanding on how to use for evaluation
• What are associated liabilities?
Opportunities
• Focus more on type of information needed to make “greener” choices less on tools
oBalance material selection/deselection while considering Human Health
Leverage current/exiting safety assessment methods/advancements to quickly identify priorities and eliminate unnecessary information
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Paul Bertram, FCSI, CDT, LEED AP – BD&C, GGP
Director: Environment, Sustainability, Government Affairs 386-785-3063 – [email protected]
Questions