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MATERIALS ON THE NANO-SCALE FOR DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS
M. A. El-SayedGeorgia Tech.
OUTLINE1. For Catalysis.
2. For Sensing.
3. For Medicine.
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NANO_PARTICLES FOR CATALYSIS
7.1 nm Cubes with {100} facets 4.8 nm Tetrahedral with {111} facets
Ahmadi, T.; Wang, Z. L.; Green, T. C.; Henglein, A.;El-Sayed, M. A., Science 1996, 272, 1924.
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MORE REACTIVITY FOR ATOMS ON CORNERS AND EDGES
Narayanan, R.; El-Sayed, M. A., Nano Lett., 2004, 4(7), 1353.
Nanoparticle Shape
Tetrahedral (~76%)
Cubic (~61%)
Spherical (~85%)
Nanoparticle Size (nm) 4.8 + 0.1
7.1 + 0.2
4.9 + 0.1
Fraction of AtomsOn corners&edges
0.35
0.04
0.13
Activation Energy (kJ/mol) 14.0 + 0.6
26.4 + 1.3
22.6 + 1.2
Catalytic activity correlates with the fraction of atoms located on the corners and edges of the nanoparticles.
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BY Photocatalysis in 50 nm Au Nanocage
USING CHEMICAL CONFINEMENT IN NANO-CAGES ENHANCES THE CATALYTIC ACTIVITY
(NANO-REACTORS). Application IN SOLVING Environmental
problem
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BULK GOLD IS PRECIOUS BECAUSE IT DOES NOTHING (it does not tarnish i.e. it does not react with O2 )
Tutankhamun’s coffinDeath Mask of Tutankhamun~1325 B.C.
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Gold nanoparticles Plasmonic Properties on the NANOSCALE CAPTURING THE PHOTON TO INDUCE The Surface Plasmon RESONANCE (SPR) Oscillation with Strong Surface-Fields?
light (520nm) Au Nanoparticle (50 nm)
+
1. The Electromagnetic field of the captured Photon is Enhanced by Thousands of Times on the surface of the nanoparticle as a Result of the Coherent Oscillation Of the Collective Excitation of the Free Electrons in the Metal Cluster.
2. THIS Enhances The Rate of their Absorption (sensing) and Scattering (SERS;imaging and thus sensing) Proprties.
3. The Strongly Absorbed Energy is Rapidly Converted Into Heat That Can Have Useful Photo-Thermal Applications in Different Fields e.g medicine.
near-field
Capturing the photon
photon
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300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
950, 5.6870, 4.8800, 3.9720, 3.1
Normalized Optical Density
Wavelength (nm)
650, 2.4
2.4
3.9
5.6
40nm
Optical tunability of gold nanorods
Xiaohua Huang, Ivan H. El-Sayed and Mostafa A. El-Sayed, JACS, 2006, 125 (6), 1215-1220.
Gold or Silver Nanoparticles can Enhance the intensity of light of Different Colors by changing Their Size or Shape
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100 nm
Solid Silver Nanocubes Gold Nanoframes (BEST SENSOR)
Gold Nanocages(BEST CATALYST)
Hollow nanoparticles
Hollow nanostructures characterized by the presence of two surfaces (and thus have two plasmon fields inside and outside the cage). The coupling between these two fields is responsible for enhancement of the overall plasmon field. They are then better sensors and BETTER ‘OPTICAL LENSES'.
The surface to volume ratio is higher for hollow nanoparticles than that for solid nanoparticles with the same outer shape and size. This together with their confining ability of the reactant and intermediates make them better catalysts (and drug carrier )
8
solid Nancubes
Mahmoud A Mahmoud
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PLASMONIC FIELD ENHANCEMENT OF THE PHOTO-CURRENT FROM THE PROTON PUMP IN BACTERIO-RHODOPSIN; THE OTHER NATURAL
PHOTO-SYNTHETIC SYSTEM
CHUN-WAN YEN LI-KANG CHU
Yen, C.W.; Hayden, S.C.; Dreaden, E.C.; Szymanski, P.; El-Sayed, M.A., Tailoring Plasmonic and Electrostatic Field Effects to Maximize Solar Energy Conversion by Bacteriorhodopsin, the Other Natural Photosynthetic System. Nano Letters, 11(9), 3821-3826 (2011 CITED By Nature Materials 10, 646 (2011) .
APPLICATION OF PLASMONIC OPTICAL ENHANCEMENT
IN SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION:
STEVEN HAYDEN
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• Light-driven Proton Pump
• Electrochemical Energy (proton gradient)
• Very Low solar conversion efficiency
Bacteriorhodopsin (bR):THE OTHER PHOTO-SYNTHETiC SYSTEM IN NATURE (besides
Chlorophyll)
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Blue Light Effect
BLUE LIGHT
FROM MEMBRANE INTO SOLUTION
FROM MEMBRANE
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Yen, C. W.; Chu, L-K.; El-Sayed, M. A. JACS, submitted
Selection of the Nanoparticle with the best plasmonic enhancement of the M absorption
(the best enhancement of the Blue Light Effect)Maximize The overlap of
M state Absorption and SPR ExtinctionOf the nanoparticle:
1. Ag NPs: Green Spectrum, overlaps well With the Blue M absorption.
2Ag-Au alloy NPs: Orange Spectrum (Ag/Au=1/1): not as good
3. Au NPs: Red Spectrum Not good at all
THE BEST OVERLAP WITH THE M ABSORPTION IS THE EXTINCTION SPECTRUM OF THE Silver NANOPARTICLE OF 30 nm SIZE.
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Plasmonic Field Strength Dependence on Nanoparticle Shape
5000 times larger current than that reported in literature (with Bias Applied)
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• Charge carrier separation
• Least screening / Best stability(55k PVP)
• Highest field / Best spectral overlap (Ag Cuboidal)
• 0.2 μA/cm3 (No Bias)
Tailoring Plasmonic Electric Field Effects
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APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE
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20 µm
HaCaT noncancerous
cells
HOC cancerous
cells
HSC cancerous
cells
10 µm
Ivan El-Sayed,Xiaohua Huang,M.A.El-Sayed Nanoletters ,4, 829,2005.
DETECTION OF ONE CANCER CELL USING LIGH SCATTERING FROM SELECTIVELY BOUND GOLD
NANO-PARTICLES USING A STUDENT MICROSCOPE
DIFFRACTION UNLIMITTED IMAGING
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
0
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1200
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800
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1200
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
Δ V
(mm3)
day
directtailcontrol
UNTREATED
I.V. Accumulation
direct injection
COMPARISON OF THE GROWTH RATE OF THE TREATED & THE UNTREATED
TUMOR
Dickerson, E. B.; Dreaden, E. C.; Huang, X.; El-Sayed, I. H.; Chu, HDickerson, E. B.; Dreaden, E. C.; Huang, X.; El-Sayed, I. H.; Chu, H.; Pushpanketh, S.; McDonald, J. F.; El-Sayed, M. A. Cancer Letters 2008, 269, 57.
ERIN HENDERSON
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2.Confining Precious Metal(Au,Ag) Nanoparticles to the Cancer
Nucleus:CAN IT STOP CELL DIVISION
and thus stops cancer??
Lauren A. Austin Megan A. Mackey Bin Kang Chun-Wan Yen
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DEFECTIVE CANCER CELL DIVISION FOR CELLS HAVING
0.4 NM GOLD IN THE NUCLEUS
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Watching the Behavior of a Community of Dying Cancer Cells by binding Silver Nano-particles to their Nucleus
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THANK YOU