Download - Matter and Energy
Matter
• Matter is what everything is made of.• Matter is anything that is made of atoms and
molecules.• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up
space.
Properties of Matter
• Properties are the characteristics of a substance.
• Three major properties of all matter are mass, volume, and density.
Mass
• Mass is the amount of matter in an object or substance.
• Mass is measured in kilograms(kg), grams(g), and milligrams(mg).
• Mass is measured with a scale.
Volume
• All matter takes up space. • The amount of space that an object or
substance takes up is volume.• Volume is measured in cubic centimeters
(cm3) and cubic meters (m3).
Physical Property
• A physical property is a property that can be observed, measured, or changed without changing the substance itself.
Chemical Property
• The ability of a substance to change into a new substance with different properties.
Atoms and Molecules
• An atom is the smallest particle of a substance that has all the characteristics of that substance.
• atoms and molecules
• Atoms are mainly empty space.
Parts of an atom
• Nucleus is made up of the protons and neutrons.
• Protons have a positive charge, and neutrons have no charge.
• Electrons are in clouds around the nucleus. Electrons are negatively charged.
Elements
• A pure substance made of only one kind of atom.
• All the atoms of an element are alike.• There are about 110 known elements on
Earth. 94 occur naturally.• What elements are in you?
Molecules
• Atoms join together to form molecules.• A molecule can be made up of atoms of one
element or two or more elements.• Molecules are held together by chemical
bonds.• Chemical bonds contain energy• Molecule example: H2O, CO2, O2, N2
Periodic Table
• Lists all elements arranged by properties and by atomic number.
• An element’s atomic number equals the number of protons in one atom.
Speed of particles
• Low energy = cold = slow • Medium energy = warm = faster• High energy = hot = fastest
• To make particles move faster, add energy. • To make particles slower, remove energy
Solids
• Definite shape and volume• Definite means the object won’t change it’s
shape on its own. It will keep same volume too.
Liquids
• Liquids have a definite volume but not a definite shape.
• They take the shape of their container
Plasma
• Atoms that have had their electrons stripped away by heat and pressure.
• These electrons are free to move about• 99% of the known universe is plasma.
Changing states
• Melting pointTemperature at which the substance changes
from a solid to a liquid.m.p. of water = 0°C, 32°FMelting point and freezing point are the same,
just in opposite directions.
Changing states
• Boiling point• Temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas• B.p. of water = 100°C, 212°F• Condensation point and boiling point are the
same, just in opposite direction.
Law of Conservation of matter
• Matter is not created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another!
• i.e. burning match, vinegar and baking soda, mass on the sun.
law of conservation of matter
Chemical Reactions
• iron with sulfur to form iron sulfide• Baking soda and vinegar• Match burning
• Matter is conserved in all reactions!